不同组织来源透明质酸的分离纯化及收率比较

以鸡冠和人脐带为原料，分别利用水浸提乙醇沉淀法以及酶解法提取透明质酸粗品．前者经DEAE-纤维素纯化得高纯度的透明质酸，后者经乙酸钠纯化得纯品．经测定，红外扫描图谱与文献报道一致．     

PVC膜氯离子选择性电极的制备和尿液中氯离子的测定

以氯离子-三异辛基十六烷基季铵离子缔合物为活性物质,制备了聚氯乙稀(PVC)膜氯离子选择性电极.电极在1.0×10-3～1.0 mol/L范围内呈线性响应关系,检测限为5×10-4 mol/L,响应时间约5 s,漂移小于1 mV/h,平均斜率为47mV/pC.电极的重现性、稳定性良好.采用该电极测定了人造尿液和稀释尿液中氯离子的浓度.用标准加入法,在人造尿液中氯离子的回收率在96.0%～102.5%之间;在稀释尿液中氯离子的回收率在90.3%～98.5%之间.该方法的标准偏差(SD)＜3%,P＜0.05.     

DABS-Cl柱前衍生RP-HPLC法定量测定血清中游离氨基酸

采用DABS Cl柱前衍生RP HPLC法,在紫外436nm定量测定了人血清中18种游离氨基酸.在60min内18种游离氨基酸得到良好分离,在10～200nmol/mL浓度范围内与峰面积有良好线性关系(平均相关系数为0.9964±0.0059);用于测定人血清中18种游离氨基酸,其精密度平均(RSD)为0.90%±0.53%;稳定性平均(RSD)为8.56%±2.45%;平均加样回收率为107.80%±7.12%.结论:DABS Cl柱前衍生RP HPLC定量分析血清中游离氨基酸,具有较好精准性,是一种比较方便、稳定和可靠的检测方法.     

NaCl沉积和SO2污染对镁合金初期大气腐蚀行为的影响

借助扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了NaCl单个因素对镁合金AZ91D初期腐蚀行为的影响,并对SO2和NaCl的协同作用进行了探讨.NaCl存在时初期破坏金属表面的保护膜,但后期微溶性腐蚀产物的生成导致腐蚀速率的降低.当NaCl和SO2同时存在时,反应生成的可溶性产物不具有阻碍的作用,同时他们会发生部分溶解生成自由移动的离子,大量难溶物在镁合金表面难以短时间形成,故NaCl和SO2同时存在引起的腐蚀远大于两者单独存在时引起的腐蚀加和.NaCl和SO2对镁合金的初期大气腐蚀具有明显的协同作用.     

AZ91D铸造镁合金交流脉冲双极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜

利用交流脉冲方法在AZ91D铸造镁合金表面成功实现阴、阳极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜,并使用SEM和xRD等手段对陶瓷膜的厚度、组织形貌、成分、结构和耐蚀性作了相应研究分析.结果表明,应用交流脉冲方法不仅能够在AZ91D铸造镁合金上实现阴、阳双极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜,同时在阴、阳极陶瓷膜中电沉积有稀土元素Ce.通过比较动电位扫描极化曲线和交流阻抗分析发现阴、阳极微弧氧化处理后AZ91D镁合金的耐蚀性得到显著提高.     

苊二亚胺镍/TiCl4复合负载催化剂催化乙烯聚合的研究

将苊醌和2-胺基联苯反应,并在硅胶柱分离N,N'-二(2-联苯基)苊二亚胺配体(L),在N2下,NiCl2与L反应,得一种新型苊二亚胺镍配合物NiLCl2,并将其与TiCl4复合负载在SiO2/MgCl2的复合载体上.分别研究了二者对乙烯聚合的催化性能,结果发现以烷基铝为助催化剂单一苊二亚胺镍配合物对乙烯的齐聚具有很高的活性,当[Al]/[Ni]达到60时,催化活性趋于最大;而其与TiCl4复合负载体系在通用烷基铝的助催化作用下催化乙烯聚合得到支化聚乙烯,30℃下,TiCl4-NiLCl2(摩尔量比为1:1)/SiO2-MgCl2为复合催化剂时,合成效果最好.此外,还得到温度、助催化剂的种类,[Al]/([Ni] [Al]),[Ni]/[Ti]比例等对聚合反应及产物的结构有较大影响.     

Effects of Ca on the distribution, structure and morphology of aluminum species in polyaluminum chloride

The flocculation efficiency of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is closely related to the distribution and structure of its AI species, and Al13 is the optimal species in PAC for flocculation. A series of PAC containing Ca was prepared by adding Ca before and after the basifying reaction. The effects of Ca on the Al species were studied by ^27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques. The experimental results show that the introduction of Ca increases the content of Alm and Al13 in PAC and decreases their chemical shifts in NMR spectra due to the electric repulsion between the positive Ca species and AI species and the formation of AI-O-Ca complexes.With the rise of Ca/AI molar ratio, the AI species in PAC tend to scatter. It is observed that the formerly branch-aggregated clusters are tending to form granule-aggregated ones whose diameter gets smaller and smaller, and the floccule aggregates are formed at a higher Ca/Al molar ratio. The introduction of Ca to PAC, which increases the Al13 content, is certainly to enhance the flocculation efficiency of PAC in water treatment.     

退火工艺对轧制AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

对AZ31镁合金轧制板材在不同温度和时间进行了退火,研究了在退火过程中组织和性能的变化规律.实验结果表明,300℃轧制后的AZ31镁合金薄板材的组织中存在大量的孪晶.退火后,孪晶逐渐消失,形成等轴的再结晶晶粒.晶粒尺寸随退火温度的升高而变大,随退火时间的延长先细化后长大.同时,退火后板材的抗拉强度略有下降,但伸长率有明显提高,在200℃退火120 min后,伸长率可达到28%.     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

超声雾化液体除湿系统对室内空气品质的影响

研究了超声雾化液体除湿空调系统对室内空气品质的影响,得到室内空气中氯化锂质量浓度的安全阈值为70μg/m~3.通过实验分析了入口溶液中氯化锂的质量分数(w_i)、除雾器孔隙率等对空气带液量的影响.当w_i由31.5%上升至38.8%时,空气带液量也随之上升,最高为26.93μg/m~3.除雾器的孔隙率显著影响空气带液量,应使用孔隙率低于93.5%的丝网除雾器.在最不利工况下,该系统空气带液量未超过安全阈值,表明对室内空气品质没有影响.研究成果对超声雾化液体除湿系统的推广有一定指导意义.