氯化铁催化邻炔基苯甲酸酯环化反应合成异香豆素

以12,-二氯乙烷为溶剂,氯化铁能有效催化邻炔基苯甲酸酯环化反应合成3-取代的异香豆素.考察了催化剂种类及用量和反应温度等因素对产率的影响,研究了不同结构底物对反应的容忍性.通过熔点测定、GC-MSI、R和NMR等手段对产物进行分析检测,表征了产物的结构.实验结果表明:当催化剂FeCl3的用量为50 mol%,以1,2-二氯乙烷作溶剂,在反应温度80℃的最佳条件下,邻苯乙炔基苯甲酸酯环化反应合成3-苯基异香豆素的产率高达96%.通过取代基对环化反应的影响研究发现,苯环上和炔烃上的官能团都不会影响反应的发生,尤其是底物的苯环上具有吸电子基团的产率要明显高于供电子基团,反应底物的适应范围比较广泛.该催化体系具有操作简单、价格低廉、选择性好等优点.     

非饱和混凝土中氯离子输运问题的边界元算法

氯离子侵蚀对混凝土结构耐久性造成极大危害,研究混凝土中氯离子输运问题的计算方法,对于完善混凝土结构寿命预测与评估方法具有重要意义.针对非饱和混凝土中氯离子输运问题,综合考虑了渗透和扩散对输运过程的影响.将相应的控制方程转化为积分弱形式,采用径向积分法和基于紧支径向基函数的函数逼近方法,得到仅包含边界积分的积分方程.采用中心差分格式表示非稳态项中的湿度梯度和浓度梯度,进而建立该问题的无网格边界元方程.通过求解系统方程,得到混凝土中氯离子输运问题的解答.计算表明,混凝土未饱和之前,渗透过程对氯离子输运的影响显著高于扩散过程,渗透对扩散过程的影响时间远长于混凝土达到饱和的时间.这为进一步研究干湿循环作用下混凝土中氯离子输运问题奠定了基础.     

Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi10Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated.The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450℃.CNTs dispersed uniformly in the AlSi10Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt％.However,when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt％,the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed.Moreover,the mechanical properties (including the densities,compressive strength,and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt％.Meanwhile,the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi10Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt％ CNTs.     

In situ reaction mechanism of MgAlON in Al-Al2O3-MgO composites at 1700℃ under flowing N2

The Al-Al2O3-MgO composites with added aluminum contents of approximately 0wt％,5wt％,and 10wt％,named as M1,M2,and M3,respectively,were prepared at 1700℃ for 5 h under a flowing N2 atmosphere using the reaction sintering method.After sintering,the Al-Al2O3-MgO composites were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The results show that specimen M1 was composed of MgO and MgAl2O4.Compared with specimen M1,specimens M2 and M3 possessed MgAlON,and its production increased with increasing aluminum addition.Under an N2 atmosphere,MgO,Al2O3,and Al in the matrix of specimens M2 and M3 reacted to form MgAlON and AlN-polytypoids,which combined the particles and the matrix together and imparted the Al-Al2O3-MgO composites with a dense structure.The mechanism of MgAlON synthesis is described as follows.Under an N2 atmosphere,the partial pressure of oxygen is quite low;thus,when the Al-Al2O3-MgO com-posites were soaked at 580℃ for an extended period,aluminum metal was transformed into AlN.With increasing temperature,Al2O3 diffused into AlN crystal lattices and formed AlN-polytypoids;however,MgO reacted with Al2O3 to form MgAl2O4.When the temperature was greater than (1640 ± 10)℃,AlN diffused into Al2O3 and formed spinel-structured AlON.In situ MgAlON was acquired through a solid-solution reaction between AlON and MgAl2O4 at high temperatures because of their similar spinel structures.     

轴向预应力对挤压AZ31镁合金自由端扭转力学性能的影响

大塑性变形通常发生在工业实际成形过程中。与单轴拉伸/压缩相比,扭转是研究大变形下力学行为的一种更有效的方法。然而,镁合金大应变扭转的力学响应对初始织构和孪晶很敏感。本文对挤压AZ31合金进行了拉伸和压缩实验,并采用保载和卸载两种方式获取轴向预应力,以引入位错和孪晶。随后,进行了扭转实验以明确孪晶和位错对后续变形响应的影响。在粘塑性自洽（VPSC）模型的基础上探讨了相应的显微组织和变形机制。模拟了实验观察的应力应变响应和极图。研究发现,孪晶对塑性变形的贡献较小,导致在纯扭转和预拉伸后扭转下,织构方向的变化很小。滑移/孪晶系统的活动和力学性能受到不同初始织构和滑移系启动条件的影响。此外,拉伸-扭转应力状态有利于减少织构强度。     

利用表面纳米化技术改善AZ31镁合金的弯曲性能

镁合金因为其低密度和高比强度,成为新一代的结构材料。对比钢铁和铝合金,镁合金板材的弯曲成型性能相对较差。对于如何提高其成型性能成为了近年来的研究重点。表面纳米化是一种有效提高镁合金强度和表面硬度的手段,然后镁合金在表面纳米化之后,其塑性会明显降低,从而影响成型性能。 本文通过超声喷丸的方式,在镁合金的表面制备了不同厚度（51–145 μm）的纳米层,研究了表面纳米化之后的AZ31镁合金板材的V型弯曲性能。通过研究发现,双面纳米化处理的镁合金表现出和未处理相近的弯曲性能。同时,单面处理的板材表现出优于未处理板材的弯曲性能。当纳米层在弯曲过程中位于单侧处理的板材的内测,其改变了板材中性层在弯曲过程中的外移趋势,从而提高了弯曲性能,研究表明这种提高是非常有限的。在超声喷丸5 min处理的板材中,其中性层偏移最少,更厚的纳米层使得中性层偏至板材内测,从而降低弯曲性能。当纳米层在弯曲过程中位于板材的外层时,板材的弯曲性能也得以提高并且提高程度随着纳米层厚度的增加而增加。这是因为纳米材料在弯曲过程中导致了应力应变的再分布。在板材外层增加纳米层后,其弯曲顶端得到了应力更大应变更小的一种分布情况,而这种分布有利于纳米化后的板材的弯曲,从而阻止了裂纹的产生,提高了弯曲性能。     

球团预制-硅热还原炼镁还原罐内传热

为了解决皮江法还原罐内传热慢的问题，提出将白云石粉、硅铁、萤石混合，加入黏结剂先造球再煅烧，煅烧后的热球团直接用于还原的炼镁新技术.采用数值方法研究预制球团在还原罐内的传热规律.结果表明:提高硅铁添加量、增加球团直径、减小床层密度均有利于热量向还原罐内部传递;将边界温度由1473K提高至1498K，还原罐中心区域达到1473K的时间由300min缩短至178min;当还原罐直径为300mm时，对于直径为25mm的预制球团，还原罐中心点加热至1473K的时间为90min，而对于皮江法球团则需要288min.     

Experimental investigation of dynamic mechanical properties of foamed magnesium oxysulfate cementitious material

With the rapid reutilization of solid waste materials, it is imperative to investigate the properties of composite materials formed by the addition of solid waste materials. Basic foamed magnesium oxysulfate cementitious material(FMOCM) with and without solid waste materials were studied and compared. This study focused on the internal structures and quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of FMOCM. The results showed that the internal cavity structure of the FMOCM underwent significant changes, and the pore sizes became smaller owing to the addition of recycled materials and wood flour, which greatly improved the quasi-static strength of the FMOCM. It was found that the FMOCM had obvious strain rate effects. By comparing the dynamic strength factors, the dynamic strength of the regular FMOCM almost doubled, and the addition of solid waste materials weakened the strain rate effect. Only when the strain rate was lower did the FMOCM with solid waste materials show better toughness compared to the more serious fracture of the regular FMOCM. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the broad application prospects of solid waste materials in magnesium oxysulfide cementitious materials.     

Microstructure characterization of early corrosion behavior of AM60B magnesium alloys

The microstructures and corrosion behavior of AM60B magnesium alloys, produced by both high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and super vacuum die casting (SVDC) processes, were investigated by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and slow positron beam technique. XRD confirmed that calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposited on the surface of alloys during the early stages of corrosion, and the deposition rate of CaCO3 for SVDC with corrosion time was slower than that of HPDC. SEM observation found that the -phases in the skin surface of SVDC alloy had a greater volume fraction and more continuous distribution than that of HPDC alloy, leading to lower volume fraction of CaCO3 deposited on surface of SVDC alloy for the same corrosion time. The slow positron beam Doppler broadening measurement revealed that the thickness of surface corrosion layer increased with corrosion time. Compared with HPDC alloy, the increase rate of thickness for SVDC alloy is slower, which implied that SVDC alloy exhibited a better corrosion resistance than HPDC alloy.     

镁合金车轮成形工艺及模具研究

针对铸造镁合金车轮存在缺陷及力学性能相对较差等问题，制定了锻造镁合金车轮成形工艺，并根据该工艺要求设计了成套模具，确定了工艺参数和工艺步骤，试制了车轮产品。实验性生产表明：该工艺具有简单易行、生产效率高、易于自动化等优点；设计的成形模具设有特殊卸料及补温装置，保证了工艺的顺利实施；车轮产品的力学性能好，顺利通过了标准台架试验检测；节能效果对比测试表明：与同款式铝合金车轮相比，镁合金车轮实现减重35%、等速路跑测试条件下节能约11%、等速台架测试条件下节能约15.4%。