废弃钻井液减量化方法探讨

论述了废弃钻井液减量化的主要方法。通过这这些方法的具体运用,可有效减少废弃钻井液的产生量和排放量,减少对周围环境和地下水的污染,保护生态环境,使钻井作业达到法律法规和标准的要求,树立钻井企业形象,提高国内外钻井市场占有率和经济效益。     

幂律流体平面渠道层流进口段效应的研究

推导了幂律流体在平面渠道进口段内流动的边界层动量和能量积分关系式，采用边界层的动量积分关系式的近似处理方法，对幂律流体平面渠道层流进口段长度及其进口段效应修正系数进行了理论分析与计算，得出了简便实用的计算公式，并对求出的压力降用实验进行了验证，理论分析值与实验值吻合。     

小型脉冲MHD发电装置的研究

该文提出一种可供多次实验使用的小型脉冲磁流体发电装置。设计了双磁回路，通道内感应应强度提高到０．７８Ｔ，用火箭发动机的射流作为工作源，进行了发电原理实验，并设计了实验用火箭发动机。该文对用于电磁炮，电热炮的大型ＭＨＤ发电装置具有一定参考价值。     

幂律流体绕流楔形物体时的层流边界层

从流体力学和非牛顿流体力学的基本方程出发，在未作任何假设的情况下，通过引入合理的相似变量，得出了幂律流体绕流楔形物体时的层流边界层常微分方程及其数值解，该常微分方程及其解在塑性指数ｎ＝１时，与经典流体力学中的方程及解完全相同。     

Fe3O4水基磁流体的制备与研究

采用水热法制备了水基Fe3O4磁流体，利用X衍射仪和透射电镜对磁粒子的组成、结构及粒径进行了分析，利用古埃磁天平研究了磁流体的饱和磁化强度和超顺磁性，研究了反应时间、温度、表面活性剂等主要工艺参数对磁流体性能的影响。实验结果表明：采用水热法，Fe^2＋：Fe^3＋的比值为1．0，水热反应温度为160℃，反应时间为6h，采用油酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合表面活性剂，在适宜的时间加入，配合机械搅拌和超声分散可以制备出性能较好的水基Fe3O4磁流体。     

空区膏体充填泵送特性及减阻试验研究

基于管流流动基本理论,对空区充填用膏体的水平环形试验管路流动阻力进行了理论分析.为了检验理论分析结果的正确性和外加剂对减少膏体泵送阻力的作用,在现场90 m的水平环形管路中进行了由混凝土泵驱动的充填膏体输送阻力试验.结果表明,该充填膏体可以划归为宾汉姆流变体,基于宾汉姆流变体理论取得的公式能够预计膏体输送过程中的泵压损失,提供试验的泵送外加剂能够显著地降低膏体的泵送阻力.图4,表1,参16.     

Sol-Gel水热偶合法制备纳米AlOOH的晶相转变

以日本理学3015 X射线衍射仪研究了Sol-Gel 水热偶合法制备纳米AlOOH的晶相转变.(1) 在pH3.5、时间5 h、温度低于130 ℃时,主要生成三水铝;当温度高于130 ℃且升高至150 ℃时,三水铝完全转化为AlOOH;(2) 在pH3.5、温度150 ℃、时间小于3 h时,物相以三水铝和AlOOH共存,随时间延长至5 h,三水铝完全转化为AlOOH;(3) 在反应温度150 ℃、时间5 h、pH＞8.0时,三水铝的含量随pH的增大而增加,pH＜6.0才能转化为AlOOH .     

Preparing Ca-P coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy by hydrothermal method: In vitro degradation behavior

Magnesium alloys are potentially attractive biodegradable materials.However,their rapid corrosion rate limits their biomedical application.To slow down the rate of biodegradation,a protective calcium-phosphate coating was formed on a magnesium alloy substrate by a hydrothermal method.Scanning electron microscope results showed that the coating consisted of two layers with different crystalline characteristics.The loose outer layer showed a prism-like crystal structure,while the compact inner layer is a dense ultra-fine regular di-pyramid-like structure with an average grain dimension of ～200 nm.The compositions of the inner layer and outer layer were calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (Ca-def HA) and dicalcium phosphate (DCPa),respectively.The coating adhered well to the substrate with a thickness of about 15 m.Immersion in Hank’s solution indicated that the coating could significantly improve the degradation properties of magnesium alloy.The pH of the solution containing the coated samples increased much more slowly than the untreated control.After 8 d immersion,the uncoated sample had corroded seriously while the coated sample was much less corroded.The Ca/P atom ratio in both the layers of the coating increased and the coating was still protecting the substrate.The two layers of the coating corroded differently because of differences in solubility.The outer layer was more severely attacked and many holes were formed on the surface,the inner layer suffered less attack.In addition,a growth of precipitate on the inner layer was observed,indicating that surface bioactivity was improved by the coating.Thus,magnesium alloys coated with a Ca-P coating prepared by a hydrothermal method are promising candidate biodegradable biomaterials,and further investigation of in vivo degradation behavior is suggested.     

高温热湿处理羊毛纤维的微观结构与性能研究

本文研究了羊毛纤维经高温蒸汽及高温水煮处理后的吸湿性能与拉伸性能的变化．采用扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪，分析了羊毛纤维经高温热湿处理后微观结构形态及结晶度．结果表明，经不同温度及时间的蒸汽、水煮处理后，羊毛纤维的吸湿性能出现不规律的变化，而纤维的拉仲强力及伸长则降低；经高温热湿处理后，羊毛纤维的鳞片遭到破坏，纤维结晶指数下降．