鼓泡流化床异质颗粒混合特性微观研究

开发了一种基于电容探针的稠密气固两相流中异质颗粒混合特性测试新方法。研究了鼓泡流化床内异质颗粒混合过程中微观混合比的变化规律,分析了流化床一系列位置处对流与扩散机制对于混合过程的作用规律及其微观机理。结果表明:随着流化床床层高度的增加,对流机制对于颗粒混合的作用先增大后减小;壁面处微观混合比随着混合时间出现小幅波动,主要表现出扩散混合行为;不同高度处颗粒达到混合平衡所需时间无明显差异,而壁面处颗粒达到混合平衡所需时间是轴线处颗粒混合时间的2倍左右;混合平衡状态下最终微观混合指数相近。     

Electrochemical energy storage application of CuO/CuO@Ni–CoMoO4·0.75H2O nanobelt arrays grown directly on Cu foam

Supercapacitors are attracting huge research interest because they are expected to achieve battery-level energy density, and they have a longer calendar life and shorter charging time. However, due to the out shell materials without contact extra freeway for charge transports, the out shell materials have still limited contribution to high capacitance for array structure at high rates. Here, CO/CO@Ni-CMO NBs were designed and synthesized on Cu foam substrates with CuO NBs as cores or extra freeway and Ni–CoMoO₄·0.75H₂O nanobelt as shell by an easily synthetic method. CuO NBs will provide electron “superhighways” and extra outside freeway for charge storage and delivery. Besides, the Ni doped CoMoO₄·0.75H₂O NBs are conducive to the electrical conductivity, and open space among these nanosheets can act as an “ion reservoir”, the increment of active sites and the contribution of capacitive effects. Finally, the CO@Ni-CMO NBs directly grown on Cu foam could avoid the “dead” volume caused by the tedious process of mixing active materials with polymer binders/conductive additives. As expected, the CO/CO@Ni-CMO NBs exhibited the high specific capacitance, the good rate performance and the excellent electrochemical stability.     

堆叠碳纤维电极在膜电容去离子脱盐中的应用

为了提高电化学脱盐装置中电极总吸附容量及脱盐性能，提出一种将堆叠碳纤维作为电极，且在电极之间加入钛网提升电极片层间导电性的方法。采用控制变量法设计脱盐实验，考察进水盐质量浓度、堆叠碳纤维电极厚度、增加钛网导体对脱盐性能的影响，并从吸附热力学和动力学角度分析吸附过程。结果表明：堆叠碳纤维电极会导致脱盐效率有所下降，其每层吸附容量由9.74 mg/g下降到2.86 mg/g。但通过增加多层钛网作为导电体可以有效提升脱盐速度，当增加至3层时，装置的脱盐速度较单层提高了2.1倍。堆叠碳纤维电极可解决单层电极吸附容量有限和无法长时间处理高浓度含盐水的问题，加入钛网可有效提升多层电极的导电性，从而提升脱盐性能。所提方法可为多层电极的设计及提升电极导电性提供新思路，对于电容去离子的工程化应用具有指导意义。     

Ti3C2电极材料的密度泛函理论计算

研究H—,—O—,F—三种基团在Ti3C2表面的吸附, 通过密度泛函理论模拟计算吸附后结构的电子性质和量子电容. 结果表明： 3个相邻C原子中心处的正上方是最佳吸附位; 基团吸附可调制Ti₃C₂的电子结构； Ti₃C₂表面吸附H—基团的量子电容提升效果最好, 且在负偏压下具有较高的电荷积累能力.