低温电解条件下铝电解用NiFe_2O_4-10NiO基金属陶瓷阳极Fe元素腐蚀行为研究

采用粉末冶金技术制备出铝电解用NiFe2O4-10NiO陶瓷基体和30(40Cu-Ni)/(NiFe2O4-10NiO)金属陶瓷阳极,并在低温电解条件下,对NiFe2O4陶瓷相中Fe元素的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明,在烧结过程中,NiFe2O4尖晶石陶瓷基体会在氮气中发生离解,在动态化学腐蚀试验和电解试验中,陶瓷相中的Fe元素更容易进入电解质;电解24h后,铝液中Fe、Ni、Cu的含量分别为0.45%、0.13%和0.03%。     

Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in a wet–dry acid humid environment

The corrosion behavior of corrosion resistant steel (CRS) in a simulated wet–dry acid humid environment was investigated and compared with carbon steel (CS) using corrosion loss, polarization curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), N₂ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion kinetics of both steels were closely related to the composition and compactness of the rust, and the electrochemical properties of rusted steel. Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ni in CRS increased the amount of amorphous phases and decreased the content of γ-FeOOH in the rust, resulting in higher compactness and electrochemical stability of the CRS rust. The elements Cu, Cr, and Ni were uniformly distributed in the CRS rust and formed CuFeO₂, Cu₂O, CrOOH, NiFe₂O₄, and Ni₂O₃, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of CRS in the wet–dry acid humid environment.     

Effects of Fe content on the microstructure and properties of CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes fabricated by HCCM horizontal continuous casting

Heating-cooling combined mold (HCCM) horizontal continuous casting technology developed by our research group was used to produce high axial columnar-grained CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes with different Fe contents. The effects of Fe content (1.08wt%–2.01wt%) on the microstructure, segregation, and flushing corrosion resistance in simulated flowing seawater as well as the mechanical properties of the alloy tubes were investigated. The results show that when the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the segregation degree of Ni and Fe elements increases, and the segregation coefficient of Ni and Fe elements falls from 0.92 to 0.70 and from 0.92 to 0.63, respectively. With increasing Fe content, the corrosion rate of the alloy decreases initially and then increases. When the Fe content is 1.83wt%, the corrosion rate approaches the minimum and dense, less-defect corrosion films, which contain rich Ni and Fe elements, form on the surface of the alloy; these films effectively protect the α-matrix and reduce the corrosion rate. When the Fe content is increased from 1.08wt% to 2.01wt%, the tensile strength of the alloy tube increases from 204 MPa to 236 MPa, while the elongation to failure changes slightly about 46%, indicating the excellent workability of the CuNi10FeMn1 alloy tubes.     

Fracture behavior and microstructure analysis of Al2O3–MgO–CaO castables for steel-ladle purging plugs

Three different castables based on the Al₂O₃–MgO–CaO system were prepared as steel-ladle purging plug refractories: corundum- based low-cement castable (C-LCC), corundum-spinel-based low-cement castable (C-S-LCC), and corundum-spinel no-cement castable (C-S-NCC) (hydratable alumina (ρ-Al₂O₃) bonded). The fracture behavior at room temperature was tested by the method of “wedge-splitting” on samples pre-fired at different temperatures; the specific fracture energy G′_f and notched tensile strength σ_NT were obtained from these tests. In addition, the Young’s modulus E was measured by the method of resonance frequency of damping analysis (RFDA). The thermal stress resistance parameter R′′′′ calculated using the values of G′_f, σ_NT, and E was used to evaluate the thermal shock resistance of the materials. According to the microstructure analysis results, the sintering effect and the bonding type of the matrix material were different among these three castables, which explains their different fracture behaviors.     

工艺参数对低铝钛GH600合金显微组织及析出相的影响

利用Gleeble3800热模拟实验机,对低铝钛GH600合金进行热压缩实验;利用金相显微镜研究工艺参数对显微组织演变规律的影响;利用透射电镜及能谱观察分析析出相、位错等微观结构。结果表明:提高变形量可以得到细晶组织,改善合金的使用性能,并且在大变形量下,动态再结晶容易进行,软化效果得到提高,在一定程度上改善合金的加工性能。当变形温度升高时,再结晶比例得到很大的提高,合金动态再结晶体积分数增大,位错密度降低,使加工容易进行。但当变形温度过高时,再结晶组织会出现粗化现象。低铝钛GH600合金的优选热加工工艺参数为:温度1 100~1 150℃,变形量60%。在这种工艺条件下,合金中的再结晶程度最高,再结晶晶粒没有出现粗化现象,并且析出相的成分、尺寸也为理想状态。     

新型材料在牙轮钻头轴承中的应用

在分析钻头轴承系统工件条件的基础上,提出了钻头轴承材料应其备的基本性能。通过对国产新型耐磨材料的物理机械性能的分析,模拟钻井工况的材料磨损对比试验的研究,以及与新材料相适应的轴承结构的设计分析,本文得出：与现有金属轴承相比,各种超硬材料的轴承均能更好地适应钻头的工况,其中尤以人造聚晶金刚石耐磨型最好,结构合理、加工性好,能充分发挥新材料性能优势的材料复合型轴承将会成为未来钻头轴承的最佳竞争者。     

库区木捆排运输问题的试验研究

<正>本文探讨了大型水库中在静水和在波浪条件下进行木捆排运输的一系列问题,提出了计算木捆排运行水阻力的回归方程,阐述了波浪附加阻力与拖速和波高之间的关系等。     

半连续金属膜在中断蒸镀后的电阻弛豫研究

在超高真空的环境中蒸镀半连续铌(Nb)膜和银(Ag)膜,中断蒸镀后,立即原位测量样品电阻在10min内随时间的变化(弛豫现象)。发现Nb膜和Ag膜分别表现出电阻升高和降低的不同行为,而且基底温度和膜厚对弛豫强度都有较大的影响。分析表明,这些现象是由膜表面金属原子运动引起的岛的吞并以及岛的边际形变引起的。     

高稳定度稳压电源(GWE-1型)的研制

本文简要介绍了GwE-1型稳压电源的设计原理,已研制出样机,电势差计使用此电源比它用干电池要节约数千元。此电源值得推广应用。     

杨木腐朽及其防止方法的研究

<正>用土壤木块法测定Ⅰ-69杨木(Populus deltoides Bartr.var deltoides cv Lux)的天然耐腐力,试验表明,属于不耐腐朽的树种。在受白腐菌(彩绒革盖菌Coriolus vecrsicolor)和褐腐菌(密粘褶菌Cloeophllum trabeum)腐朽9周后,木材的重量损失率分别为51.72％和71.55％。通过扫描电子显微镜观察,揭示了两种腐朽菌分解木材细胞壁的过程。为提高Ⅰ—69杨的抗腐性,使用6种防腐剂,均有效果,尤其是铜-铬-硼配方效果最好。