微生物相互作用研究进展：从观察到预测?

地球上的微生物有着极高的丰富度和多样性.它们的生命活动和相互作用对维持生态系统稳定性起到关键作用;生存在宿主体内的微生物对其宿主的健康有重要影响.第二代测序技术的发展使得科学家获得了大量的关于微生物群落和功能基因组成的数据;而微生物群落和生态系统生态学的重点,正在从获得观测数据转变到理解微生物相互作用过程,并预测群落结构和功能的动态变化.近年来发展了很多针对第二代测序数据的算法和数学模型,以推测微生物种间相互作用网络,但这种自上而下的研究仍存在局限性.自下而上的实验研究可以对微生物种间作用进行直接验证,并帮助我们理解更高层次上的生态学模式和过程.与此同时,基于数学分析或模拟的理论研究展示了微生物相互作用的动态及其对群落动态和功能的影响.今后的研究应该结合观测数据、实验验证、理论模型多种研究方法,增进我们对微生物种间相互作用的理解并做出预测,以应对全球气候变化、传染病暴发、抗生素抗性进化等诸多挑战.     

基于GPRS网络热电厂汽网数据监测系统

为了保证供热质量及现场计量数据的远程实时在线监测,设计了一种基于GPRS网络技术分布式监控系统,系统由智能采集终端、GPRS网络、Internet网和监控中心服务器组成,在监控结点之间提供一个透明的数据传输通道,实现了远端结点与监控中心进行实时数据交换。通过现场运行,证明该系统实际应用时,数据传输速率在40Kbps左右,有效地解决了传统人工抄表费时费力效率低的难题。     

双分子荧光互补技术及其在蛋白互作研究中的应用

双分子荧光互补（bimolecula fluorescence complementation,BiFC）是近年新发展起来的在活细胞中研究蛋白质互作及其定位的新技术．该技术巧妙的将荧光蛋白切成不发光的两个片段,并与目的蛋白融合表达．如果目的蛋白相互作用,连接其上的荧光互补蛋白片段将会相互靠近并恢复荧光活性,从而实现了分子与细胞事件的可视化．BiFC既可以验证蛋白之间的互作、检测其互作强弱,还可以定位互作蛋白的位点．基于双分子荧光蛋白的应用已经越来越广泛,本文对双分子荧光互补技术的原理、应用现状、特点及其面临的问题进行了概述．     

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite and bornite by moderately thermophilic bacteria：an emphasis on their interactions

Interactions between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by moderately thermophilic bacteria were investigated mainly by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements performed in conjunction with bioleaching experiments. The results showed that a synergistic effect existed between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by bothAcidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferriphilum and that extremely high copper extraction could be achieved when chalcopyrite and bornite coexisted in a bioleaching system. Bornite dissolved preferentially because of its lower corrosion potential, and its dissolution was accelerated by the gal-vanic current during the initial stage of bioleaching. The galvanic current and optimum redox potential of 390?480 mV vs. Ag/AgCl pro-moted the reduction of chalcopyrite to chalcocite (Cu2S), thus accelerating its dissolution.     

南海深部过程的探索

 2011-2018年，国家自然科学基金委员会设立“南海深部过程演变”重大研究计划，同时推动实施了三次半的大洋钻探航次，使南海进入国际深海研究的前列，在深海盆洋陆相互作用、边缘海盆地的板缘张裂和气候演变的低纬驱动等3方面取得了突破性进展，挑战了源自西欧、北大西洋的传统观念。深海探索的进展，确立了中国在南海科学上的引导地位，下一轮的深入研究可望将南海建成世界海洋科学的天然实验室，进一步提升中国在海洋基础研究中的国际地位。     

A conformationally isoformic thermophilic protein with high kinetic unfolding barriers

The basis for the stability of thermophilic proteins is of fundamental interest for extremophile biology. We investigated the folding and unfolding processes of the homotetrameric Thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (TBADH). TBADH subunits were 4.8 kcal/mol less stable towards guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) unfolding compared to urea, indicating ionic modulation of TBADH stability. Strongly denaturing conditions promoted mono-exponential unfolding kinetics with linear dependence on denaturant concentration. Here TBADH unfolded >40-fold slower when extrapolated from urea as compared to GdmCl unfolding. A marked unfolding hysteresis was shown when comparing refolding and unfolding in urea. An unusual biphasic unfolding trajectory with an exceptionally slow phase at intermediate concentrations of GdmCl and urea was also observed. We advocate that TBADH forms two distinctly different tetrameric isoforms, and likely an ensemble of native states. This unusual supramolecular folding behavior has been shown responsible for formation of amyloidotic yeast prion strains and can have functional importance for TBADH. Received 9 November 2007; received after revision 19 December 2007; accepted 8 January 2008     

G protein βγ subunits: Central mediators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling

G protein betagamma subunits are central participants in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. They interact with receptors, G protein alpha subunits and downstream targets to coordinate multiple, different GPCR functions. Much is known about the biology of Gbetagamma subunits but mysteries remain. Here, we will review what is known about general aspects of structure and function of Gbetagamma as well as discuss emerging mechanisms for regulation of Gbetagamma signaling. Recent data suggest that Gbetagamma is a potential therapeutic drug target. Thus, a thorough understanding of the molecular and physiological functions of Gbetagamma has significant implications.     

Pharmacological manipulation of L-carnitine transport into L6 cells with stable overexpression of human OCTN2

The high-affinity Na+-dependent carnitine transporter OCTN2 (SLC22A5) has a high renal expression and reabsorbs most filtered carnitine. To gain more insight into substrate specificity of OCTN2, we overexpressed hOCTN2 in L6 cells and characterized the structural requirements of substances acting as human OCTN2 (hOCTN2) inhibitors. A 1905-bp fragment containing the hOCTN2 complete coding sequence was introduced into the pWpiresGFP vector, and L6 cells were stably transduced using a lentiviral system. The transduced L6 cells revealed increased expression of hOCTN2 on the mRNA, protein and functional levels. Structural requirements for hOCTN2 inhibition were predicted in silico and investigated in vitro. Essential structural requirements for OCTN2 inhibition include a constantly positively charged nitrogen atom and a carboxyl, nitrile or ester group connected by a 2-4-atom linker. Our cell system is suitable for studying in vitro interactions with OCTN2, which can subsequently be investigated in vivo.     

基于二氧化硅的量子点荧光纳米颗粒制备

多步制备了Si02-CdTe QDs荧光纳米颗粒,包括表面氨基化SiO2纳米颗粒载体、组装于载体表面的CdTeQDs壳以及最外层的二氧化硅壳。制备的SiO2-CdTe QDs荧光纳米颗粒性能稳定,紫外吸收和荧光发射增强明显。最外层的SiO2壳保证量子点的化学和光学稳定性的同时,还有助于表面生物基团的修饰。可以预见,SiO2-CdTe QDs荧光纳米颗粒作为生物探针将来应用于生化分析研究的广阔前景。