煤矸石淋滤液对地下水污染的数值仿真研究

针对新邱露天煤矿矸石山附近于家沟地区地下水污染的实际情况，分析了矸石山淋滤液在地下水中的、迁移规律。在综合考虑对流、弥散、吸附解吸及存在源汇项的条件下建立煤矸石淋滤液在地下水中迁移的动力学数学模型，采用有限差分的方法对模型进行了数值求解，对不同污染强度、不同时间条件下地下水系统中淋滤液动态变化规律进行了数值仿真，预测了污染物浓度的时空分布特征，并结合实际水质监测数据对模拟结果进行了分析。模拟结果表明，污染物浓度变化趋势及模拟值与监测结果基本吻合，从而验证了模型的可靠性和实用性，为地下水污染的治理提供依据。     

基于GPRS技术的地下水监测系统的设计

介绍了一种通过GPRS技术传输水情数据的方法,实现了对地下水监测点的远程监控,并详细论述了系统的组成和工作原理、硬件的配置、软件的设计等。     

加强地下水保护教育提高公众保护地下水意识

阐述了我国地下水污染的现状以及地下水污染的危害,探讨了保护地下水资源的重要性,提出了提高公众保护地下水意识的建议。     

黄土公路隧道衬砌开裂分析

衬砌开裂是黄土公路隧道普遍存在的病害。为了预防和处治衬砌开裂,保证黄土隧道结构的长期稳定性,针对甘肃省榆中县新庄岭黄土公路隧道衬砌开裂的病害特征,运用数值仿真、实测等手段分析了病害产生的机理和原因。结果表明,黄土浸水导致土体强度降低、变形增大,从而增大了围岩塑性区范围和变形压力,恶化了衬砌结构受力状况,使衬砌结构拱顶内侧及拱脚外侧被拉裂,进而使拱脚内侧被压裂。根据隧道病害状况,提出了采用环氧树脂嵌补及凿槽嵌入钢拱架法处治衬砌开裂的建议,为分析和处治黄土公路隧道衬砌开裂提供了依据。     

Test of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size age models of loess

Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3/4 is 59.8 kaB.P.. The ages of the two climatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1: 0 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 2: 0 kaB.P.—11.5 kaB.P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 3: 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and then compared with each other. In addition, the AMS14C age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate control ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.     

Test of magnetic susceptibility and grain-size age models of loess

Ages of the stratigraphic boundary MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 of the Yuanbu loess section in Linxia are used as the basis of the nodal control age. The age of MIS1/2 and MIS3/4 are obtained from the latest international research result—the climatic events recorded in the stalagmite in the Hulu Cave in Nanjing, that MIS1/2 is 11.5 kaB.P. and MIS3/4 is 59.8 kaB.P.. The ages of the two climatic events contain three nodal age control models (Model 1: 0 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 2: 0 kaB.P.—11.5 kaB.P. and 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.; Model 3: 11.5 kaB.P.—59.8 kaB.P.), which are used as the nodal control age separately. The deposition times of various stratigraphic horizons are calculated by using the magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model, and then compared with each other. In addition, the AMS14C age, OSL age and the ages of YD and H events are compared with the ages of the corresponding horizons calculated by the three models of nodal control ages. From the analyses of lithologic characters and climatic stages it has been found that both the magnetic susceptibility age model and the grain-size age model have some defects. Because the accurate control ages are selected as the nodal points of the glacial period or interglacial period, the stratigraphic deposition times determined by the high resolution of magnetic susceptibility age model and grain-size age model approximate to the actual ages. As for the relative accuracy of the two age models, the magnetic susceptibility age model is more accurate than the grain-size age model.     

论陕西黄土高原地貌的景观美学属性

文章以陕西黄土高原地貌景观作为审美对象，提出了陕西黄土高原地貌景观的空间组合结构概念，在此基础上进行了黄土高原地貌景观的美学特征分析，认为应充分挖掘其旅游潜力，强化宣传，将自然和人文旅游景观组合推出，打造黄土高原地貌旅游品牌，丰富和深化陕北旅游的内容和内涵．     

超滤膜去除地下水中硝基苯的试验研究

为解决持久性有机污染物对地下水造成的污染，以硝基苯为研究对象，考察了超滤膜对硝基苯的去除效果及影响因素。试验结果表明，当进水硝基苯浓度为85肛μg/L，超滤膜可以连续工作68h，出水小于17μg/L。地下水中铁、锰离子对去除效果没有显著影响。进水硝基苯浓度对去除效果有显著影响。当进水硝基苯浓度由85μg/L上升至340μg/L时，超滤膜连续工作时间急剧下降，仅为14h；对由硝基苯引起的膜污染，2％CH3，CH3CH2OH清洗效果最佳。作为一项应急处理技术，该工艺可以保障小城镇地区饮水安全。     

History of the temperature-dependence of susceptibility and its implications: Preliminary results along an E-W transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau

An investigation of rock magnetic properties using the temperature-dependence of susceptibility (TDS) and the coercivity of different IRM components was conducted on samples of the Malan loess (L1) and the last interglacial soil (S1) along an E-W transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau. We find that the behavior of the TDS is useful in identifying maghemite (γ-Fe_2O_3) in both loess and paleosol, and that it can be used as a new proxy of the degree of pedogenesis, which is closely linked to climatic conditions. Based on results from the TDS, we conclude that (1) the detrital magnetite grains predominate in the L1 unit to the west of Liupan Mts, where the weathering and pedogenetic processes were weakest; (2) a comparable degree of pedogenesis exists in the L1 at the east of the Liupan Mts and the S1 at the west of the Liupan Mts; (3) a higher concentration of maghemite is found in the S1 unit at the eastern sections, suggesting that the local climate was warmer and more humid in this interval. In addition, we propose that TDS measurements can be used as a rapid means of determining the reliability of the paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) record in loess/poleoso/sequenees.     

岩石边坡中地下水压力的基本特性及作用

基于对岩体边坡中地下水压力存在的基本类型，分布态势及作用形式等基本特征的研究，以三峡库区内部分滑坡及三峡工程永久船闸边坡为例分析了地下水压力对岩体边坡稳定性的影响，地下水压力（包括静水压力和动力压力）可使岩体边坡的整体安全系数大大降低，降低一般幅度为０．４￣０．７，基此认为，在改善和提高边坡稳定性中排水降压是较重要的工程治理措施之一。