黄土微观结构特征定量研究及其在工程地震中的应用

在不同类型黄土的研究基础上,通过SEM图像处理技术,提出了黄土微观结构中结构单元体大小-形态分布、孔隙特征等结构要素定量评价指标,应用计算机图像处理技术,对几种黄土在不同动荷载作用下的变形进行了分析以及对地震灾区黄土受地震破坏和未受破坏的黄土微结构形貌进行了定量处理,分析较好地解释了黄土工程地震性质.     

Loess in China: A Good Archive of Climatic and Environmental Changes during the Quaternary

Quaternary scientists in China have significantly improved our knowledge of loes s deposition as well as our understanding of paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmenta l changes over the past 2.5 million years. It is recognized that loess is o f aeolian origin with loess forming dust continuously deposited. It is also bel ieved that grainsize, magnetic susceptibility, carbon isotopes and fossil asse mblages in loess deposits are good proxy indicators of paleomonsoon climate and paleovegetation changes over the past 2.5 million years. Chinese loess is regar ded as one of the best terrestrial archives of climatic and environmental change s during the Quaternary. Further investigation of loess deposits and their recor ds of climatic and environmental change aids understanding of climate change and gives scientific backing for the project of ecological and environmental restor ation in northwest China.     

吴子高速黄土隧道施工技术研究

通过对黄土隧道的现场施工，重点论述了在隧道施工中针对湿陷性黄土这一特殊地质情况而采用的相应基础处理、洞口施工、初期支护、监测等工序中需要注意的施工要点和方法，阐明了针对黄土隧道群的施工技术和要点。     

复合污染地下水中磺胺类降解菌对氮细菌作用的影响

针对我国农业区地下水三氮(NH⁺₄ N,NO^-₂ N,NO^-₃-N)复合抗生素的污染问题, 通过实验模拟研究其微生物修复过程中磺胺类降解菌对氮细菌降解三氮的作用效果. 结果表明： 磺胺类降解菌可促进NH⁺₄-N和NO^-₂-N降解, 并抑制氮细菌生长及NO^-₃-N降解; 磺胺类降解菌为杆菌, 属于革兰氏阳性菌, 氮细菌为球菌和杆菌, 属于革兰氏阴性菌. 即磺胺类降解菌可促进硝化作用, 抑制反硝化作用.     

火山渣对地下水中Cd2+的吸附效果

针对水体中Cd²⁺污染问题, 采用生态安全型火山渣进行吸附低温水体中Cd²⁺的实验研究, 分析火山渣吸附Cd²⁺的效果及影响因素. 结果表明： 火山渣是一种具有潜在应用价值的Cd²⁺吸附剂, 1.00 g火山渣对10 ℃,0.5 mg/L水体中Cd²⁺的去除率达97.10%; 接近中性环境有利于吸附Cd²⁺; Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,NO^-₃对火山渣吸附Cd²⁺有抑制作用, Fe²⁺和 Mn²⁺的抑制作用较小; 当NH⁺₄和NO^-₂的质量浓度低于50 mg/L时, 对吸附无影响, 当其质量浓度大于50 mg/L时, 对吸附有抑制作用; SO^2-₄对吸附作用无影响; 质量浓度较大的HCO^-₃对吸附Cd^2+有促进作用.     

西北干旱区山前绿洲地下水资源开发利用模型研究

紧密结合西北地区地下水资源勘查特别计划的实施,在分析研究格尔木地区地下水资源赋存及运移规律的基础上,采用MODELFLOW软件和有限差分方法进行了地下水资源合理开发利用的模型研究.在开发利用模型研究中,设计了两个水资源开发利用方案:方案Ⅰ,保证规划重点工业发展的需要,地下水资源开采量达到7.94×107m3/a的规模;方案Ⅱ,在方案Ⅰ的基础上,考虑农业灌溉的需要,新增地表水引用量2.16×108m3/a,这将导致地下水入渗补给量减少40%.通过这两个水资源开发利用方案的模型研究表明:这两个方案是可行的.但是,在方案Ⅰ中,泉集河排泄量减少11.99%,地下水侧向出流量减少10.63%,地下水储存量的变化量减少21.11%;在方案Ⅱ中,泉集河排量减少31.41%,地下水侧向出流量减少32.55%,地下水储存量的变化量减少35.68%,潜水蒸发量减少1.39%.     

黄土丘陵区的铁路选线

从河谷选线、地质不良地段选线、越岭选线和水库岸边选线4个方面,介绍了在黄土丘陵区铁路选线的经验和体会。     

湿陷性黄土路基处理浅谈

介绍了冲击式压路机的特点,分析了冲击式压路机的压实效果,总结了冲击式压路机施工的优点。     

Progress in study on irrigation practice with saline groundwater on sandlands of Taklimakan Desert Hinterland

The study on the distribution and dynamic changes of soil moistures and salts under different irrigating methods and managements of using saline groundwater on the sand lands of the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert, started in 1997. The results show that drip irrigation can be applied to seedlings (furrow irrigation can be applied to level lands) using saline groundwater in the process of constructing the biological shifting sand control system along the de-sert highway in the hinterland of the Taklimakan De-sert; an irrigation frequency of 20 days and an irriga-tion amount of 30 kg/m²·time are suitable to the shifting sand control forest belts at the same year as they were afforested. Along with the increase of forest age, the irrigation norm can be properly in-creased, the irrigation interval can be prolonged.     

浅谈湿陷性黄土的特征及预防措施

分析了黄土湿陷的成因与本质,在明确湿陷性黄土地基湿陷等级的基础上,提出了湿陷性黄土地基的处理方法。