课外体育活动造成大学生运动创伤的调查分析——以沈阳工程学院学生运动创伤为例

在贯彻落实《全民健身纲要》的背景下,各高校全面开展了"阳光体育运动",在如何引导大学生积极参加体育锻炼,增强体质、促进健康的同时,有效预防运动损伤和意外的发生是当前高校体育工作的重要任务。采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实地调查和访谈座谈等研究方法,针对大学生在课外体育活动中,发生运动创伤的情况逐一进行调查与分析,旨在对大学生课外体育锻炼中创伤产生的各种原因进行分析与研究,提出相应的预防措施与建议,为预防运动创伤的发生,减少受伤的几率,使学生更好地投入到健身运动中来,同时也为更好地研究运动创伤的预防提供科学的依据。调查的结果显示运动项目上有身体接触的项目受伤几率较大,创伤性质主要是闭合性软组织急性损伤,创伤易发部位在四肢的踝、膝、肘、腕,创伤发生的环境多为室外硬地等。     

古诗《春晓》再解

《春晓》是唐代诗人孟浩然的作品,历代传唱不衰,对其解析可谓汗牛充栋,但大多定义其为山水田园诗歌,情感表现止于"伤春"说。然反复读之,都觉意味深远。诗中既有繁华落尽、青春不再的"伤春",亦有仕途坎坷、含恨山野的"伤己",还隐现了哀叹朝政、国势趋衰的"伤时"。     

壬基酚对泥鳅肝脏组织的CAT、T-SOD活性的影响

目的探讨壬基酚对泥鳅肝脏组织的CAT、T-SOD活性的影响。方法将泥鳅暴露于不同浓度的壬基酚溶液中,壬基酚分别为50、200、500、1 000μg/L,于6h测定其总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性。结果低浓度的壬基酚对SOD、CAT活性有诱导作用,随着壬基酚浓度的增加,CAT、T-SOD活性随着壬基酚浓度的增大而受到抑制。结论泥鳅肝脏组织中的CAT和T-SOD活性与水中壬基酚的浓度直接相关,随着壬基酚浓度的升高,CAT和T-SOD的活性表现均为诱导-抑制规律,泥鳅肝脏组织中CAT和T-SOD的活性均对壬基酚的早期污染具有指示作用。     

氯屈膦酸二钠-超顺磁性氧化铁脂质体减轻重症急性胰腺炎肾损伤

研究目的：探讨氯属膦酸二钠-超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）脂质体对重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）肾损伤的保护作用。创新要点：围绕SAP并发多器官损伤这一核心问题,联系巨噬细胞在SAP发病过程中的作用,使用纳米脂质体携带氯屈膦酸二钠及SPIO,以及利用自体巨噬细胞对SAP时多器官损伤的定性靶向性以及磁性纳米颗粒的超顺磁性,应用磁共振成像（MRI）对SAP并发多器官损伤进行早期诊断。结合使用氯屈膦酸二钠,使其促进巨噬细胞的凋亡,减少其在急性胰腺炎早期产生炎症介质,阻止全身性炎症反应的进程,从而实现对多器官损伤的保护作用。研究方法：采用胰腺被膜下均匀注射5％牛磺胆酸钠制作SAP模型。SD大鼠48只,随机分为对照组（C组）、空白SPIO脂质休组（P组）和氯屈膦酸二钠＋SPIO脂质体组（T组）。P组和T组大鼠制作SAP模型。制模2h和6h后取肠系膜上静脉血液,检测各组大鼠血清中淀粉酶、尿素氮、血肌酐和肿瘤坏死因子-α的含量,观察胰腺及肾组织的病理学变化及进行病理评分,通过检测肾组织的TUNEL染色及CD68表达研究氯属膦酸二钠-超顺磁性氧化铁脂质体对肾组织巨噬细胞凋亡的影响并进行MRI诊断。重要结论：氯屈膦酸二钠-超顺磁性氧化铁脂质体可选择性清除单核／巨噬细胞,减少炎症介质释放,对SAP大鼠胰腺及肾损伤有保护作用。SPIO可作为MRI示踪。     

NF-κB在肝癌介入治疗后癌旁肝细胞中的表达

目的:探讨NF-кB在肝癌介入治疗后肿瘤组织和癌旁肝细胞中的表达及其变化特点。方法:建立VX2肝癌模型兔59只,分为A组(肝癌组)29只,B组(肝癌经导管肝动脉栓塞介入组)30只、C组(对照组)20只,免疫组化检测各组肝癌及癌旁肝组织中的NF-кB表达。结果:A组肝癌组织与癌旁肝组织NF-κB阳性表达率分别为72.4%(21/29)、37.9%(11/29),肝癌介入治疗后肝癌组织和癌旁组织NF-κB阳性表达率82.4%(24/30)、60%(18/30),C组NF-κB阳性表达率为10%(2/20),各组与对照比较,除A组癌旁肝组织外差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),其余两两比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:治疗前癌旁组织,其内NF-кB的表达水平尚处于较低水平,介入治疗后的癌旁肝组织的脂肪变性及炎性反应等因素可能会导致NF-κB的表达增加。     

对专业运动员的损伤调查与分析

为运动员减少或避免运动损伤发生,增强损伤防范能力,为运动训练和运动医学研究提供依据.对10支职业运动队和4所高校运动队、具有三级及以上运动员等级称号的现役413名运动员展开运动损伤调查.运动员易发生膝、腰、踝、大腿、肩等部位的肌肉、肌腱、韧带、关节软骨等软组织损伤;运动损伤发生与运动员的陈旧损伤、身体素质、心理素质、训练方法、营养条件、赛场条件、环境气候、道德品质等诸多因素相关.运动员对自身运动安全及保护意识不强.运动员的运动损伤发生存在一定的规律性,掌握流行病学能避免或减少损伤的发生.     

New strategies for the repair of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury （SCI） leads to several neu- rologic damages to patients with sensory and motor func- tion loss. Although some inspiring results were reported in animal, even in non-human primate models, the clinical translation of these research achievements barely move forward for the SCI patients. This review mainly focused on the pathogenesis of the primary and secondary injury, the clinical therapies and the new technologies in spinal cord injury. Moreover, the key scientific issues on this field were discussed in the review. Finally, some suggestions were proposed for the scientific and clinical researches.     

Assessment of alternated cooling and heating treatment by US combined CEUS in the VX2 rabbit liver tumor model

Inoperable liver tumors are often treated by thermal ablation that destroys the tumor in situ and spares the adjacent hepatic tissue.Thermal–physical treatment has many advantages,but treatment by freezing or heating alone has some limitations.By taking the advantages and disadvantages of cryosurgery and thermotherapy into consideration,a new thermal technique that combines cryosurgery and radio frequency ablation has been proposed,thereby overcoming the disadvantages of each treatment strategy and improving therapeutic outcomes.This new approach remains to be systematically studied in the liver;therefore,this study was performed to estimate survival after alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy in a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model.Sixteen days after VX2 carcinoma implantation into the rabbit liver,tumors were treated with alternated cooling and heating ablation therapy.Rabbits were monitored for 6 months after treatment and assessed with ultrasound(US)and computed tomography at 1,7,14,and 30 days posttreatment.Untreated tumor-bearing animals served as the control group.Our results show that alternate freezing and heating ablation therapy resulted in a good recovery of VX2 rabbits.Compared with the control group,treated rabbits lived significantly longer(P\0.05),with 70%of treated animals surviving to 196 days posttreatment without metastasis or recurrence,while none of the controls did so.There was no local recurrence in the treatment group.All rabbits in the control group developed metastasis,while metastasis was only observed in 30% of treated rabbits.These results suggest that alternate cooling and heating ablation therapy can prolong the survival time of rabbits with VX2 liver tumors and is an effective method for tumor therapy.Furthermore,we also showed in this model that contrast enhanced US is a valid follow-up approach to assess treatment effectiveness.     

神经营养因子联合治疗促进脊髓轴索再生的研究现状

神经营养因子（neurotrophic factors,NTFs）在急性脊髓损伤（spinal cord injury,SCI）后神经细胞的生长发育、保护和修复的过程中发挥重要作用。然而,单一的治疗尚不足以激活神经元内源性的再生程序;其次,再生抑制因子限制了NTFs对SCI后结构和功能恢复。因此,越来越多的学者选择以联合的方式探索NTFs对再生的促进作用。本文归纳了NTFs以联合的方式治疗轴索再生的基本原理和最新进展,旨在为联合治疗的进一步研究提供科学指导。     

自身免疫性肝病自身抗体应用进展

自身免疫性肝病(AILD)是一种由自身免疫反应引起的慢性肝胆系统损伤性疾病,目前尚无根治该疾病的有效措施,早期诊断及治疗对该疾病发展及预后至关重要.自身抗体检测技术的不断提高对AILD诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值,本文阐述了自身免疫性肝病相关自身抗体的临床应用进展.