中国二叠纪的岩相──古地理和古构造特征

以作者提出的新的二叠纪地质年表为基础，概要论述了中国二叠纪各＂期＂岩相－古地理和古构造的基本特征及其演化史，编制了相应的岩相－古地理图．     

古近系页岩油赋存特征——以济阳坳陷为例

通过大量岩心观察、薄片鉴定、X-衍射全岩矿物分析和扫描电镜分析,将济阳坳陷古近系泥页岩划分为10余种类型岩相。在岩相划分的基础上,分析了济阳坳陷页岩油赋存特征。富有机质纹层状泥质灰岩相/灰质泥岩相是页岩油赋存的最有利岩相;济阳坳陷的泥页岩的储集空间主要包括各类基质的孔隙和裂缝,最有利赋存空间是各类裂缝(层间缝、构造裂缝、超压裂缝);页岩油具有薄膜状游离态和浸染状吸附态两种赋存相态,在泥页岩裂缝、碳酸盐晶间孔中以游离态为主,在有机孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔中以吸附态为主;通过页岩油油源对比、成熟度、地层异常压力、地层水水型等方面的证据确定济阳坳陷页岩油具有"非原位、短距离源内运聚"的特征。     

Aspects of Romanian Early-Middle Jurassic palaeobotany and palynology. Part VII. Successions and floras

The Jurassic floras of Romania occur in the Carpathian Mountains and in Dobrogea (Eastern Romania). In the South Carpathians, diverse and well preserved floras have been recorded since the middle of the 19th Century in the Resita, Sirinia, Presacina, CernaJiu, Holbav and Cristian Basins. The ages of these floras range between Hettangian and Sinemurian, with representatives belonging to Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Excellent preservation and diversity were recorded in Anina, in the central area of the Resita Basin, a possible fossile-Lagerst?tte locality. The 3D collecting opportunities due to underground coal mining permitted detailed phytostratigraphical studies. These studies showed a floral change at the Hettangian-Sinemurian boundary, related to climate change. The Jurassic coal basins of the South Carpathians show both intramontainous and paralic features. The Resita Basin is a typical intramountainous depression basin, while the other basins are influenced by the marine realm. From a paleogeographical point of view, the Romanian Early and Middle Jurassic floras occurred on the northern frame of the Tethys realm, floristic features indicating the Eurosinian Province. One of the closest floras in terms of floristic similarities is the Iranian Early Jurassic flora. In the Apuseni Mountains, the HettangianSinemurian flora is less well-preserved and diverse than those of the South Carpathians. The Middle Jurassic flora of Romania is confined to Dobrogea (Eastern Romania), where a bennettite-dominated assemblage with low diversity and preservation was recorded.     

Radiometric dating of sediments derived from metamorphic rocks of the Dabie orogenic belt in the Jurasic and Early Cretaceous

Using isotopic dating of tuff, heavy mineral and lithofacies, correlation of Jurassic strata on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt (DOB) has been enabled in the Fenghuangtai, Zhougongshan, Maotanchang and Jingangtai formations, which might be as young as Early Cretaceous. Depositional systems have been interpreted as mainly alluvial fan, braided stream and overbank, secondarily fan-delta and lacustrine. The palaeocurrent systems of the Jurassic-Cretaceous basins can be divided into two classes: one transverse adjacent to the southern margin, the other longitudinal close to the middle flowing from west to east. Mesozoic sedimentary source rocks are mainly from the DOB and, according to their geochemistry, experienced evolution in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. The Jurassic-Cretaceous strata have been subdivided into four Chronosomes, and their overlapping progressively from east toward west implies that exhumation of the DOB characterized diachronous. Based on stratigraphic evidence from eclogite conglomerates found in the Maotanchang and Fenghuangtai formations, the first exposure of UHP (ultrahigh pressure) rocks in the DOB occurred in Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous time. Further, phengites and Triassic zircons found in the Lower Jurassic Fanghushan Formation suggest that denudation began in the Early Jurassic.     

贵州早石炭世岩相古地理演化及页岩气成藏特征

根据野外剖面层序地层研究和室内资料分析,结合最新钻井资料、区域地质调查资料等,并与国内外典型页岩气特征参数及聚集条件对比,综合研究贵州下石炭统页岩气富集条件、优选有利地区.贵州下石炭统发育4个层序,以台地相石灰岩为主,夹潮坪沼泽潟湖相白云岩和泥页岩,惠水、长顺以及六盘水等地区下石炭统旧司组(打屋坝组,第2层序)页岩、泥岩较发育.从页岩、泥岩的分布、厚度、有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质热演化程度等特征,并与美国Barnett页岩等五大含气页岩主要评价参数以及涪陵焦石坝页岩气的分布、产出状态(游离气体积分数＞50％)等对比,认为黔南、黔西南地区旧司组具有页岩气聚集发育的条件,具有很好的勘探前景.其中,黔南最有利的地区是紫云-惠水一带,黔西南最有利的地区位于威宁-水城一带.该区页岩气应重视保存条件的研究,同时应重视游离气、夹层气的贡献.     

重力流沉积岩相划分及其发育规律

在Tailling等分类的基础上建立基于沉积过程中的流变学特征和沉积物支撑机制的滑塌流-浊流-碎屑流三分(滑塌岩相、碎屑流岩相和浊积岩相)14个序列的重力流岩相划分体系;结合鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区长7段大量的岩心资料,并借助于测井曲线和录井数据,对合水地区长7段重力流沉积的岩相及岩相组合进行识别。结果表明:合水地区主要发育5类重力流沉积岩相组合类型,即低密度浊流组合、高密度浊流组合、黏滞性碎屑流组合、弱黏滞性碎屑流组合以及滑塌岩组合;对比合水地区重力流沉积空间发现,滑塌岩相发育范围相对局限,主要发育于三角洲前缘失稳区,碎屑流沉积主要发育于斜坡带-坡折带处,浊流沉积的分布范围最广;"浅水凸形"坡折带位于三角洲前缘或三角洲平原附近,是重力流重要的触发区,主要控制正常牵引流三角洲前缘中松散的水下分流河道砂体沉积;"深水凹形"坡折带位于前三角洲深水区,是深水重力流砂体主要的卸载沉积区。     

墕则矿区铝土矿沉积特征分析

通过分析铝土矿的矿物成分、化学成分、结构构造、共伴生矿产等方面,阐明了墕则矿区铝土矿沉积特征,并通过对其成矿来源、矿石结构等的分析,来推测其形成的古地理环境.     

基于双向长短期记忆神经网络的岩相预测方法

介绍一种基于双向长短期记忆神经网络(Bi-directional long short-term memory,Bi-LSTM)的岩相预测方法,综合利用测井和地震数据进行高效准确的岩相预测.通过合成地震记录,进行井震数据的时深匹配,以地震吸收衰减数据、纵波阻抗、密度和伽马拟声波阻抗作为输入,以岩相作为标签,通过Bi-L...     

龙马溪组岩相类型及其对孔隙特征的影响因素

以川南黔北地区下志留统龙马溪组下段页岩储层为研究对象,以全岩矿物分析为手段,结合岩芯薄片观察,划分出4种页岩岩相,其中,黏土质页岩岩相和混合页岩岩相是本研究区发育的主要岩相.基于扫描电镜、有机碳含量和低温氮气吸附实验,系统地分析了两种主要岩相孔隙结构特征.结果表明,黏土质页岩岩相储层中较大孔隙以细颈瓶状、开放型孔隙和半...     

建南及周缘地区长兴组层序—岩相古地理特征

以野外剖面、岩心、录测井等资料为基础,结合区域地质背景,在建南地区上二叠统识别出局部暴露不整合界面和岩性岩相转换界面,据此将长兴组划分为2个Ⅱ型三级层序,平均每个层序延时2.9 Ma,每个三级层序内部仅发育海侵体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST)。以体系域为编图单元,编制了层序格架内岩相古地理图,详细分析了建南地区长兴组岩相古地理特征。研究表明建南地区长兴组早期以碳酸盐缓坡模式为主,进一步划分为浅水缓坡和深水缓坡和盆地等沉积相带;中后期以碳酸盐台地模式为主,发育开阔台地、台地边缘、台地前缘斜坡、浅水陆棚、深水陆棚等沉积相带。物性分析表明台缘礁和台缘滩具有较好的储集性能,经白云石化作用等后期成岩作用改造后形成的白云岩储层具有更好的储集性能。因此研究区主要发育礁储集层、滩储集层和白云岩储集层。储层主要发育于高位体系域,尤以Sq1-HST最为发育。