液态金属高性能冷却技术:发展历程与研究前沿

 "热障"问题已经成为阻碍高端电子芯片和光电器件向更高性能发展的重要挑战,发展高性能芯片冷却和热管理技术迫在眉睫。作为一大类新兴的热管理材料,液态金属在对流冷却、热界面材料、相变热控等领域均带来了观念和技术上的巨大革新,打破了传统冷却技术的性能极限,给大量面临"热障"难题的器件和装备的冷却提供了全新解决方案,有望在国防、航空航天、能源系统及民用电子设备等领域的冷却与热管理系统中发挥重要作用。本文回顾了液态金属先进冷却技术的发展历程,主要包括液态金属对流冷却技术、液态金属热界面材料、液态金属（低熔点金属）相变储能与热控技术、基于液态金属的复合冷却技术等;梳理了液态金属冷却技术中的关键科学与技术问题和面临的挑战。     

超声雾化液体除湿系统对室内空气品质的影响

研究了超声雾化液体除湿空调系统对室内空气品质的影响,得到室内空气中氯化锂质量浓度的安全阈值为70μg/m~3.通过实验分析了入口溶液中氯化锂的质量分数(w_i)、除雾器孔隙率等对空气带液量的影响.当w_i由31.5%上升至38.8%时,空气带液量也随之上升,最高为26.93μg/m~3.除雾器的孔隙率显著影响空气带液量,应使用孔隙率低于93.5%的丝网除雾器.在最不利工况下,该系统空气带液量未超过安全阈值,表明对室内空气品质没有影响.研究成果对超声雾化液体除湿系统的推广有一定指导意义.     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

基于滑移/非滑移异质界面的动压润滑性能优化

合理布置的滑移/非滑移异质界面可以提高流体动压润滑性能,但目前滑移区和非滑移区的组合方式大多采用单一的直线拼接法,没有针对流体润滑摩擦副的各类工况设计出相应的优化方案,为此本文建立了一组离散式二次方程来描述滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹,并引入计算域单元的宽长比作为优化变量,分别以液膜刚度和摩擦因数作为优化目标,通过MATLAB数值仿真求解不同宽长比条件下滑移区和非滑移区的最优拼接轨迹。结果表明,与直线拼接法相比,选取二次方程所描述的抛物线作为滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹的方法使流体润滑摩擦副在摩擦因数和液膜刚度等性能指标上都有所改善,而且根据不同的优化目标参数可以方便地绘制出最优拼接方案,验证了本文方法在改善动压润滑性能上的可行性和普适性。     

低碳钢连铸板坯表层凝固钩的特征

对不同浇铸条件下的低碳钢连铸板坯进行了凝固钩(Hook)的特征研究,根据凝固钩的形貌概括了凝固钩的不同类型,统计了凝固钩周围气泡和夹杂物的分布,讨论了不同浇铸参数对铸坯凝固钩深度的影响,并通过Bikerman方程和弯月面凝固理论对凝固钩的不同特征进行了解释.结果表明:按形貌可将凝固钩分为完整叶状、双凝固钩、弯曲截断型和二次凝固型四种类型,其中二次凝固型的凝固钩出现的概率最高为46.8%,而完整叶状、弯曲截断型和二次凝固型的凝固钩出现概率分别为25.3%、7.6%和6.3%;研究发现,凝固钩周围的夹杂物数量明显多于其他区域的夹杂物数量,说明凝固钩能够捕获结晶器内上浮的夹杂物;对比不同浇铸参数发现,采用结晶器电磁制动装置(FC-Mold)、减小结晶器水口浸入深度、增大浇铸拉速均能够减小凝固钩的深度;Bikerman方程的计算结果和弯月面凝固理论能在机理上解释凝固钩的形貌特征.     

Polycaprolactone Grafting of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Ionic Liquid[BMIM]CI

A polycaprolactone-grafted cellulose nanocrystal(PCL-g-CN) was prepared in ionic liquid and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).A peak assigned to the carbonyl group appears at 1 730 cm~(-1) in the FT-IR of PCL-g-CN,which confirms that the grafting reaction is successfully completed.The morphologies of PCL-g-CNs still maintain rod-like structure according to the TEM images.XRD results show that the crystal type of the PCL-g-CNs changed from cellulose Ⅰ to cellulose Ⅱ.The reasons for crystal transition of CNs turn out to be combined effects of anion and cation in ionic liquid with CNs.     

具正负系数和阻尼项的高阶泛函微分方程的振动性

研究了一类同时具有正负系数和非线性中立项及阻尼项的偶数阶非线性变时滞泛函微分方程的振动性,通过引入参数函数和Riccati变换,结合Holder不等式及一些分析技巧,获得了该类方程振动的一些新的判别准则,所得结论推广并改进了现有文献中的一些结果.给出了具体例子,用以说明文中的主要结论.     

Forming mechanism of ink layer on the printing plate in inking process and influencing factors of its thickness

Ink layer thickness on the printing plate greatly influences uniformity of ink transferred to the substrates , which is an important indicator of printing quality , so the study of ink layer and its thick-ness is important for improving the quality of printing products .Ansys CFX is used here to build a model of ink fluid adhering to lower vibrator roller , form inking roller , and printing plate for analy-zing ink transferring in inking process .Ink layer thickness on each position of the model is acquired to analyze the forming mechanism of ink layer on printing plate , as well as the influence of oscilla-tion speed of lower vibrator roller and dot area percentage of plate on ink layer thickness of printing plate.It can be concluded that , in the case of fixed ink supplying amount , ink layer thickness in-creases along with the increasing of oscillation speed , and decreases when the dot area percentage is getting larger and the minimum is got when the dot area percentage is 100%.At last , experiment of plate inking on print ability tester verifies the correctness of the simulation analysis .     

毛细现象液面形状特性分析

毛细管插入液面时,液体会由于表面张力作用而上升,这就是毛细现象.大多数学者在计算毛细现象中液面上升高度时,直接假定液面为球帽型,计算液柱重力势能时,将液体近似为圆柱体,忽略球帽的重力势能.本文严格计算了液面的形状,发现当液面较窄时(小于液面上升高度),这种近似是合理的.但液面较宽时,近似计算结果与实际情况偏离较大.本文在特殊情况下验证了描述液面接触角的杨氏方程的正确性.     

一类二阶非线性中立型微分方程的振动性

考虑二阶非线性中立型微分方程(r(t)[x(t)+p(t)x(t-τ)]′)′+q(t)f(x(σ(t)))=0.建立了该方程与一阶微分不等式振动性的若干比较结果,推广和改进了文献[Computers and Mathematics withApplications,2011,61:94-99]中的相关结论.