车身非光滑表面组合布置对气动特性影响分析

为了研究非光滑表面尺寸及组合布置位置对汽车气动性能的影响.以MIRA阶梯背模型为研究对象,采用CFD与风洞试验相结合的方法对3种不同位置组合模型的气动性能进行了研究,并与光滑表面模型进行对比分析,探讨其减阻机理.结果表明,行李舱盖,车身尾部和车身底部组合布置非光滑单元体减阻效果最佳,减阻率为5.90%.非光滑表面通过改善汽车的尾部涡流,降低了模型压差阻力;同时通过改变近壁面气流的流动状态,降低了车身表面的气流速度,减小车身的摩擦阻力.     

双刚体航天器姿态运动规划的样条逼近方法

双刚体航天器系统在无外力矩作用时,其姿态运动可通过连接双刚体航天器的关节铰进行控制,这种关节铰可由球铰或万向节铰构成．本文利用系统相对于总质心的动量矩守恒这一特性研究了双刚体航天器的三维姿态运动控制问题．分别导出带球铰和万向节铰连接的双刚体航天器系统三维姿态运动控制模型,并将系统的姿态运动控制问题转化为无漂移系统的运动规划问题．利用最优控制和样条逼近方法,在控制输入的样条逼近中引入粒子群算法,提出基于样条逼近的最优运动规划数值算法．运动规划的最优控制是光滑的,且初值和终值均为零,通过数值仿真,表明该方法对带球铰和万向节铰连接的双刚体航天器三维姿态运动规划是有效的．     

味精废水中粘红酵母和螺旋藻混合培养生产油脂

研究了在味精废水中混合培养粘红酵母和钝顶螺旋藻，并生产油脂。将COD（化学需氧量）为32000mg/L的味精废水稀释5倍，pH值调节到5.5，接种10%粘红酵母，培养3d后接种10%螺旋藻。培养5d后，COD降解率为70.3%，油脂产量为216mg/L，分别是粘红酵母单独培养的1.75倍和5.42倍，螺旋藻单独培养的2.36倍和7.64倍。混合培养也利于废水中NH₄⁺-N、还原糖以及谷氨酸的去除。     

Insecticidal activity of residual Bt protein at the second trophic level

Since the first commercial release of transgenic crop expressing genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), there have been concerns about its potential impact on the environment. Research has focused on the ecological effects from second exposure to Bt prot…     

阀体类非回转体零件CAPP系统（FTCAPP）

本文介绍了作者新近开发的ＦＴＣＡＰＰ系统的设计思想，总体结构、工作原理及特点，该系统采用了作者提出的“基于加工面的功能要素描述法”描述非回转体零件的信息，是应用于阀体类零件的一个ＣＡＰＰ系统。     

椭圆余弦波对薄物体的透射与反射的解析研究

应用渐近匹配法得到椭圆余弦波在二维薄浮体上透射与反射的解析解,给出了透射波波高和相位变化的规律以及反射波的特性,并探讨了浮体与水底间间隙及波长对椭圆余弦波透射与反射的影响.     

喷射成形过程中雾化锥体的温度场与质量场

本文着重研究了喷射成形过程中雾化锥体的温度场与质量场的测定方法，进一步测定了纯铝及ＺＱＳｎ６－６－３青铜的温度场和质量场，并讨论了其特征。     

啤酒及其酚类提取物的抗氧化作用

目的 研究啤酒及其酚类提取物的抗氧化作用。方法 通过啤酒及其提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基和脂质过氧化的抑制作用进行评价。结果 在相同浓度下，啤酒对羟基自由基的抑制能力最强，其次是脂质过氧化和超氧阴离子自由基。啤酒酚类提取物对脂质过氧化的抑制能力最强，然后是羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基。结论 啤酒及其酚类提取物具有较明显的抗氧化作用，且啤酒的抗氧化作用大于其酚类提取物，这说明在啤酒中还可能含有其他的抗氧化成分。     

Polyisoprenyl phosphates: natural antiinflammatory lipid signals

Lipoxins (LX) and aspirin-triggered 15-epimer LX are leukocyte-derived eicosanoids generated during host defense that serve as down-regulatory signals. The specific intracellular events that govern cellular responses to inhibitory extracellular signals are of wide interest in order to understand pivotal intracellular events in diseases characterized by enhanced inflammatory responses, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. We recently uncovered a novel role for polyisoprenyl phosphates, in particular presqualene diphosphate (PSDP), as natural down-regulatory signals in human neutrophils that directly inhibit phospholipase D and superoxide anion generation. Activation of LXA₄ receptors (ALXR) reverses proinflammatory receptor-initiated decrements in PSDP and inhibits cellular responses. These findings represent evidence for a novel paradigm for lipid-protein interactions in the control of cellular responses, namely receptor-initiated degradation of repressor lipids that is subject to regulation by aspirin treatment via the actions of aspirin-triggered 15-epimer LX at the ALXR, and identify new templates for antiinflammatory drugs by design.     

Sphingolipids in mammalian cell signalling

Sphingolipids and their metabolites, ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are involved in a variety of cellular processes including differentiation, cellular senescence, apoptosis and proliferation. Ceramide is the main second messenger, and is produced by sphingomyelinase-induced hydrolysis of sphingomyelin and by de novo synthesis. Many stimuli, e.g. growth factors, cytokines, G protein-coupled receptor agonists and stress (UV irradiation) increase cellular ceramide levels. Sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane is located primarily in the outer (extracellular) leaflet of the bilayer, whilst sphingomyelinases are found at the inner (cytosolic) face and within lysosomes/endosomes. Such cellular compartmentalisation restricts the site of ceramide production and subsequent interaction with target proteins. Glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin together with cholesterol are major components of specialised membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts, which are involved in receptor aggregation and immune responses. Many signalling molecules, for example Src family tyrosine kinases and glycosylinositolphosphate-anchored proteins, are associated with rafts, and disruption of these domains affects cellular responses such as apoptosis. Sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate derived from ceramide are also signalling molecules. In particular, sphingosine-1-phosphate is involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate can act both extracellularly through endothelial-differentiating gene (EDG) family G protein-coupled receptors and intracellularly through direct interactions with target proteins. The importance of sphingolipid signalling in cardiovascular development has been reinforced by recent reports implicating EDG receptors in the regulation of embryonic cardiac and vascular morphogenesis. Received 16 May 2001; received after revision 29 June 2001; accepted 3 July 2001