一种基于不同粒度语言判断矩阵的群决策方法

针对基于不同粒度语言判断矩阵的群决策问题,提出了一种新的群决策分析方法.对有序语言短语集中的语言短语进行“量化”,通过变量转换关系将语言判断矩阵转换为互补判断矩阵,并进行了判断信息转换的一致性分析;采用OWA算子将每个决策者给出语言判断矩阵所对应的互补判断矩阵集结为群的偏好矩阵,并通过计算每个方案的优势度来确定最优方案;最后给出一个算例说明了所提出的方法的有效性与实用性.     

Transient and constitutive repression of cytoplasmic translation signaling in cells with mtDNA mutation

Cytoplasmic translation is under sophisticated control but how cells adapt its rate to constitutive loss of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is unknown. Here we show that translation is repressed in cells with the pathogenic A3243G mtDNA mutation or in mtDNA-less ρ⁰ cells by at least two distinct pathways, one transiently targeting elongation factor eEF-2 and the other initiation factor eIF-2α constitutively. Under conditions of exponential cell growth and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, eEF-2 becomes transiently phosphorylated by an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway, especially high in mutant cells. Independent of AMPK and mTOR, eIF-2α is constitutively phosphorylated in mutant cells, likely a signature of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress response induced by the loss of oxidative phosphorylation. While the AMPK/eEF-2K/eEF-2 pathway appears to function in adaptation to physiological fluctuations in ATP levels in the mutant cells, the ER stress signified by constitutive protein synthesis inhibition through eIF-2α-mediated repression of translation initiation may have pathobiochemical consequences. Received 29 October 2008; received after revision 11 December 2008; accepted 16 December 2008     

汉语阅读对英语阅读影响的研究

根据语言临界值假设以及语言相互依存假设设计了一项实证研究,数据分析表明,英语语言水平制约着汉语阅读能力的迁移,如果英语语言水平达到一定的临界值,汉语阅读能力向英语阅读迁移;在英语语言临界值中,英语词汇起着重要作用;推理和归纳等高层次的阅读技能受汉语阅读能力的影响最明显;而汉语阅读能力和技巧的不足也影响着正迁移过程,影响英语阅读能力的迅速提高。     

Simulated annealing algorithm for the optimal translation sequence of the jth agent in rough communication

In rough communication, because each agent has a different language and cannot provide precise communication to each other, the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information and this results in a less or rougher concept. With different translation sequences, the problem of information loss is varied. To get the translation sequence, in which the jth agent taking part in rough communication gets maximum information, a simulated annealing algorithm is used. Analysis and simulation of this algorithm demonstrate its effectiveness.     

从中国特色词语的翻译策略谈“不折腾”的英译

国内外主流英文媒体在英译中国特色词语时,主要采取完全音译、音译加解释、完全直译、直译加解释或音译和直译加解释这些方法或策略。从外宣的角度讲,音译或直译加解释即解释性翻译的方法是外宣英译中国特色词语的有效方法。解释性翻译给＂不折腾＂的英译提供了方法上的启示。     

佳作不厌百回读 犹存疑义相与析——曹明伦先生译《财富论》品评

培根的散文素以文笔简洁、富于哲理而著称。曹明伦先生对其《财富论》的翻译亦堪称佳作,但仍显白璧微瑕。曹译中个别字句虽别出心裁,却有悖于原文简约、略显古雅的风格,尚有值得商榷之处。     

《京华烟云》中男性人名的音译与意译

本文通过对林语堂先生所著《京华烟云》中男性人物姓名的分析,阐述了在姓名翻译中音译与意译都是创作者使用的翻译手段,其最终目的都是为文学创作服务,都是为了达到不同语言间的文化交流所使用的方法。     

“火星文”的嬗变与语言文字符号的规范

被喻为90后＂江湖密码＂的＂火星文＂是一种典型的网络亚文化现象。这种现象表达了青少年渴望拥有自身独立的话语权以及彰显个性的心理诉求。网路语境下的＂火星文＂现象有些类似于自然环境中的生态入侵现象,所以应当加以规范和引导。这就要求一方面编辑出版教育进一步加强对青少年语言文字方面的规范性教育;另一方面相关门户网站的网络编辑积极发挥媒介主体的能动作用,做好＂符号仲裁人＂的角色。     

汉语词汇隐喻的英译策略

隐喻作为一种思维方式,体现人类的认知和文化。汉语词汇丰富的隐喻在英译时需要灵活处理,可以根据不同语境、文化内涵和隐喻的凸显程度,对其进行直译、意译、转换目标域或直译加释义。     

中国古典诗词的朦胧与翻译

由于语言的、文化的、文学传统的原因。中国古典诗词在人称指示、形象意境、主题情调几个方面表现出独特的。朦胧美”。英译中国古典诗词重在传达原诗之“意”。诗词的朦胧要求我们在翻译时要更深入。更准确地理解其隐含或潜在的意思。诗词的“达诂”。译者要利用语篇、背景和常识性的知识以及借助“想象”去深入理解。