中国东部温泉水和井水的氢氧同位素初步研究

对安徽、山东、辽宁的几处温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素进行了对比研究,发现温泉水的氧和氢同位素值都低于井水的氧和氢同位素值。温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素值都落在大气降水线附近,与Craig所作的大气降水线较为吻合。这一结果说明该地区温泉水和井水的补给源都来自大气降水。温泉水的δ~(18)O值变化范围很小,说明δ~(18)O值可能受该地区地质构造控制。温泉水和井水氧和氢同位素值具有明显的纬度效应,它们的氧和氢同位素值随纬度的增大而增加。     

New structure model of oxygen-evolving center and mechanism for oxygen evolution in photosynthesis

So far, many important questions and problems concerning the structure and mechanism of photosynthetic oxygen evolution are still unsolved. On the basis of recent achievements in this field, a new structure model is proposed whereby two H2O molecules bind asymmetrically to two manganese ions (Mn1Ⅱ and Mn4Ⅲ) at the open end of "C" shaped cluster and keep rather large distance. Two histidine residues coordinate to the other two manganese ions in higher oxidation state (Mn2Ⅳ and Mn3Ⅳ ) through their nitrogen atoms of the imidazole. Cl bound as terminal ligand to Mn4Ⅲl is connected to Ca, and the latter is needed to maintain the special configuration of two Mn2O2 units by bridged-oxo and bridged-carboxylate ligands. The whole structure of oxygen evolution center is asymmetry. A new mechanism for oxygen evolution invokes predictions of asymmetric oxidation of two H2O molecules, dynamic structural changes of oxygen e-volving center and indirect proton transport, etc. Only in S2 state, could Mn1Ⅳ = O. intermediate with high oxidation potential be formed. The S2→S3 process occurs with significant structural changes, as well as intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen transfer. The S3 state corresponds to intermediate of Mn1Ⅳ-O… H… O-Mn4Ⅳ . During S3→ [S4] →S0, the O-O bond is formed only in S4 state. The change of nucleophilic interaction between Cl and manganese ions different oxidation states has consequence for the significant structural changes in H2O oxidation process.     

柠檬酸生产过程中溶解氧控制策略的研究

溶解氧是柠檬酸发酵过程中的重要参数之一，但由于影响因素很多，精确模型难以建立，所以不易获得满意的控制效果。本文提出一种选择一预测控制方法。通过仿真证明该方法简单、易实现，且有较好的鲁棒性。     

羰基簇合物途径制备的碳载Pt-Co催化剂阴极抗甲醇性能

通过Pt和Co羰基簇合物途径制备了碳载Pt—Co(Pt-Co／C)复合催化剂．其金属粒子的平均粒径小．相对结晶度很低．与商业化的E-TEK Pt／C催化剂相比,该催化剂具有较好的抗甲醇性能和电催化氧还原活性．     

‘Classical’ and ‘new’ diabetogens—comparison of their effects on isolated rat pancreatic islets in vitro

This study compares functional and morphological alterations caused by application of alloxan, streptozotocin, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine (generation of reactive oxygen species), or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP, liberation of nitric oxide) to isolated rat pancreatic islets in vitro. In perifusion experiments, membrane leakage—detected by non-stimulated insulin release—was found after application of all drugs, but showed a substance-specific time pattern. Twenty-four hours after application of the classical diabetogens (alloxan or streptozotocin), potassium chloride- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were markedly reduced, while a persistent reduction was observed neither after exposure to xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine, nor to SNAP. Morphological analysis of the islets revealed that nearly all β-cells were destroyed following alloxan or streptozotocin treatment, while the majority of β-cells were configured regularly after application of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine or SNAP. Necrotic cells found after xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine usually differed in morphology from those observed after application of the classical diabetogens. While the former cells were characterised by swollen nuclei, the latter had shrunken nuclei with irregular condensed chromatin. Apoptosis was found only following nitric oxide exposure. Due to these differences, it seems unlikely that alloxan, streptozotocin, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine, and nitric oxide have a common major feature in their toxic action. Received 16 September 1999; received after revision 15 November 1999; accepted 26 November 1999     

主动磁控微卫星姿态控制

采用偏置动量轮加磁力矩器作为控制方案的非重力梯度微卫星不同于通常的速率阻尼—姿态捕获—动量轮起旋控制模式.针对这一问题,该文提出了B-DOT磁控加动量轮常值起旋、主动磁控加常值动量轮进行姿态捕获和稳定控制的方法,设计了限制姿态反馈控制律进行捕获和稳定控制,以及LQG稳定控制律.采用磁场测量与磁控分时处理的策略,考虑测量误差和干扰力矩,以及不同偏置动量进行仿真.结果表明该方法使整个控制过程操作简捷,初态控制阶段时间显著减少,稳态阶段具有较高的控制精度和抗干扰能力.     

MnOx-M/AC(M=La,Ce,Co,Ni)氧还原催化材料的制备及性能

用热解法制备了掺杂La、Ce、Co、Ni等元素的氧还原催化材料MnOx/AC,并采用XRD和电化学方法对所制备材料的性质和电化学反应性能进行了表征。结果表明,掺杂适量的La、Ce、Co和Ni等元素可改善电极的氧还原反应性能。掺杂La和Co元素的MnOx/AC氧催化还原性能最好,其中,在50mA/cm2的电流条件下,使用这两种掺杂材料所制备的模拟锌-空气电池的放电电压分别为1.1236V和1.1246V。     

高强约束混凝土框架柱基于位移的抗震设计

根据收集的108根高强混凝土框架柱在固定轴向荷载和水平反复荷载作用下的试验结果，首先讨论了试验柱的屈服位移角、最大位移角、极限位移角和延性与剪跨比、轴压比、配箍特征值、保护层面积和核心混凝土面积比值及纵筋配筋率之间的关系；然后分析回归出试验柱的极限位移角与轴压比、配箍特征值及保护层面积和核心混凝土面积比值之间的关系式；接着建立了配箍特征值与轴压比和极限位移角之间的关系，并提出了配箍特征值的实用计算公式；最后，通过比较分析，给出了高强混凝土框架柱箍筋加密区的最小配箍特征值，并与现行规范（GB50010-2002）规定的框架柱箍筋加密区最小配箍特征值进行了分析比较．     

焦化废水好氧工艺去除COD和氨氮的试验研究

为预测焦化废水A1-A2-O-M工艺O-M段在其优化运行参数下,去除化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮的达标情况,利用好氧反应器对焦化废水进行了实验研究,并利用Matlab分别对好氧反应器(O段)和复合生物反应器(M段)长期运行的出水COD和氨氮浓度进行估计。分析得出,该工艺长期运行的出水COD质量浓度均值小于150 mg/L的概率为0.8974;出水氨氮质量浓度均值为0.63 mg/L,出现概率为0.999 9。研究结果分别达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中第二类污染物最高允许排放要求的二级标准和一级标准。