cDNA cloning and functional analysis of 4-coumarate --CoA: ligase (4CL) gene in Chinese white aspen

cDNA encoding 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) was isolated from the secondary developing xylem of Chinese white aspen (Populus tomentosa) by RT-PCR for the first time, which was 1619 bp in length. The coding sequence and putative amino acid sequence showed 97.53% and 97.00% identity to that of Pt4CL1 in quaking aspen (P. tremuloids), respectively. Molecular analysis indicated that 4CL was encoded by multiple genes in P.tomentosa, its mRNA was highly accumulated in xylem and the expression of 4CL revealed a biphasic pattern in one growing season, almost in phase with the expression of other related enzymes in lignin biosynthesis. Transgenic research showed that expression of antisense 4CL cDNA led to the decreasing of lignin content in transgenic tobaccos, among which the average reduction was 10.3% and the highest could be up to 18.9%. These data suggested that 4CL gene was a potential gene used in altering lignin biosynthesis by biotechnology for producing new materials of papermaking.     

黑蛋巢菌属和红蛋巢菌属真菌的5种水解酶活性测定

通过测定黑蛋巢菌属9个菌株和红蛋巢菌属6个菌株的几丁质酶、β-1, 3葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和木质素过氧化物酶共5种水解酶活性,为评价和合理利用鸟巢菌资源提供依据。结果表明,所有菌株均具有以上水解酶活性,同一种水解酶的活性在不同菌株之间以及同一菌株的不同水解酶活性差异显著。其中红蛋巢菌134表现出最大的几丁质酶活性,达到122.1 U/mL;黑蛋巢菌24的β-1, 3葡聚糖酶活性最强,达到143.7 U/mL;在25℃下培养,黑蛋巢菌185的纤维素酶活性最高,达到62.3 U/mL,35℃下培养,菌株185的纤维素酶活性也最高,达到了137.6 U/mL,所有菌株的纤维素酶活性在35℃培养4周比25℃培养2周要高;在25℃下培养时,菌株134的木聚糖酶活性最高,达到了464.8 U/mL,35℃培养4周时,菌株185具有最高的木聚糖酶活性,达到了745.6 U/mL,总体上木聚糖酶的活性在35℃培养4周高于25℃培养3周;黑蛋巢菌150表现出最高的木质素过氧化物酶活性,为0.297 U/mL。总体比较,菌株185的复合酶系较发达,有望利用该菌株完成植物秸杆的降解及利用。     

灵芝固态发酵产漆酶及对秸秆木质素的降解

为探索木质素的生物降解新途径,采用平板显色法从三株白腐真菌中筛选出一株灵芝属漆酶高产菌,以农作物秸秆等为培养基进行固态发酵,该菌主要产漆酶和少量木质素过氧化物酶.在优化条件下,该菌发酵18d,漆酶活力最高达2056U/g干曲.该菌以玉米秸秆、油菜秸秆及稻草作为唯一营养源固态发酵30d,对玉米秸秆的木质素降解率最大,达到23.7%,油菜秸秆也达到了16.2%.     

乙酸乙酯分离竹子中木质素制浆造纸研究

用乙酸乙酯浸提竹子制取纸浆，并用造纸行业相关国家标准对纸浆进行了分析。探讨了乙酸乙酯浓度、反应温度、反应时间、原料与溶剂的固液比对纸浆质量的影响。实验结果表明：当乙酸乙酯浓度为60％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间2h、原料-溶剂比为1：6时，制得的纸浆中残余木素含量相对较低、纸浆得率较高。     

稻草制取多羟基化合物的探讨

本文探讨将农业废料稻草纤维素水解、发酵,制多羟基化合物的原理及方法。     

小麦根尖细胞分化过程中木质素合成及其相关酶的活性变化

小麦（Triticumaestivum）根尖细胞分化过程中，苯丙氨酸解氨酶[PAL．EC4．3．1．5]和对香豆酸辅酶A联结酶[4CL，EC6．2．1．12]的活性从分生区至成熟区逐渐增加．PAL活性在分生区细胞中为0.4CL活性近似为0．在成熟区细胞中PAL和4CL活性均增加到最大．木质素的含量变化与PAL和4CL活性存在着平行性，同样在分生区细胞中木质素含量很低，到伸长区稍许增加，至成熟区增加最多．PAL和4CL是木质素合成的开始步骤和关键酶．木质素主要在管状分子和细胞壁次生加厚时沉积，是细胞分化的重要标志之一．     

辛夷芳香性双四氢呋喃成分研究

为阐明辛夷药材中芳香性双四氢呋喃化学成分,采用溶剂萃取、高速逆流分段、大孔树脂和半制备高效液相色谱分离和纯化,得到了4个高纯度芳香性双四氢呋喃木脂素单体化合物.通过1H NMR、13C NMR、MS等现代波谱学方法分别鉴定为:松脂醇二甲醚(1),木兰脂素(2),里立脂素B二甲醚(3),epimagnolin B(4).辛夷芳香性成分的鉴定为其在医药、食品工业中的应用提供了更好的理论依据.     

木素生物降解酶活力的表面活性剂头基效应研究

用分光光度技术研究了木素生物降解关键酶木素过氧化物酶(LiP)和锰过氧化物酶(MnP)在不同类型表面活性剂存在下,催化氧化木素模型化合物藜芦醇(VA)、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(DMP)和丁香醛连氮的活力.表面活性剂选择了非离子型、阴离子型和阳离子型中具有代表性的曲拉通-100(TX-100)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB).结果表明非离子型表面活性剂TX-100对MnP和LiP有激活作用,而离子型表面活性剂对两种酶均有抑制作用,且阴离子表面活性剂的抑制作用远大于阳离子表面活性剂.此外,就MnP而言,表面活性剂对酶促反应的影响大小还与底物性质有关.TX-100对高疏水性底物丁香醛连氮的激活作用要比低疏水性底物DMP大.     

Cloning and expressional analyses of a cinnamoyl CoA reductase cDNA from rice seedlings

Cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR: EC 1.2.1.44),the entry-point enzyme of the llgnin specific biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the conversion of cinnamoyl CoA esters to their corresponding dnnamaldehydes. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the deduced polypeptide shared 70% similarity and 30% sequence identity at the amino acid level with defined CCR genes from other plant species and they all contain the common signature sequences thought to be the catalytic site as well as the putative NADP binding domain.Using a conserved OsCCR cDNA fragment as the probe for library screening, we isolated the genomic DNA that covered the whole coding region of OsCCR with total length of 3045bp including 4 introns and 5 exons. The open reading frame for our OsCCR gene coBtAin~ 337 amino adds. Northern blot indicated that OsCCR was expressed in different organs with the highest level found in stems. In situ hybridization results showed that OsCCR mRNA was localized mainly along the vascular bundles in stems and leaves, and also in lateral roots that was differentiating from the tiilering node. We conclude that the vascular-localized expression of OsCCR gene may suggest its possible involvement in llgnin biosynthesis. Cloning and characterization of OsCCR will help to clarify how llgniflcations in plants are regulated and will provide a physical basis for creating genetically engineered rice plants with optimal lignin contents.     

木材蒸煮废水的化学处理

通过对两种品种的木屑进行蒸煮试验,对不同蒸煮条件下木质素的溶出规律进行了初步探讨,并对木材蒸煮废水进行混凝和酸析处理,考察了不同混凝剂及不同混凝条件对木质素和CODCr去除率的影响．