自然光下Fe3+掺杂纳米TiO2光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列不同Fe^3＋掺杂量（ω0．00％～3．00％）的纳米TiO。光催化剂，利用TEM，XRD，UV—Vis等技术对其形貌和结构进行了表征．以亚甲基蓝（MB）的脱色降解为模型，研究了在自然先条件下Fe^3＋掺杂量对其光催化活性的影响．结果表明．在所研究的掺杂范围内，该纳米粒子的粒径随Fe^3＋掺杂量的增加呈减小趋势；Fe^3＋的掺入不仅可以控制TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的转变，而且可以使该纳米微粒对光的吸收向可见区拓展；Fe^3＋的适量掺入．可以显著提高纳米TiO2在自然先条件下的催化活性．     

Reception and discovery: the nature of Johann Wilhelm Ritter’s invisible rays

Ultraviolet radiation is generally considered to have been discovered by Johann Wilhelm Ritter in 1801. In this article, we study the reception of Ritter’s experiment during the first decade after the event—Ritter’s remaining lifetime. Drawing on the attributional model of discovery, we are interested in whether the German physicists and chemists granted Ritter’s observation the status of a discovery and, if so, of what. Two things are remarkable concerning the early reception, and both have to do more with neglect than with (positive) reception. Firstly, Ritter’s observation was sometimes accepted as a fact but, with the exception of C. J. B. Karsten’s theory of invisible light, it played almost no role in the lively debate about the nature of heat and light. We argue that it was the prevalent discourse based on the metaphysics of Stoffe that prevented a broader reception of Ritter’s invisible rays, not the fact that Ritter himself made his findings a part of his Naturphilosophie. Secondly, with the exception of C. E. Wünsch’s experiments on the visual spectrum, there was no experimental examination of the experiment. We argue that theorizing about ontological systems was more common than experimenting, because, given its social and institutional situation, this was the appropriate way of contributing to physics. Consequently, it was less clear in 1810 than in 1801 what, if anything, had been discovered by Ritter.     

基于Landsat数据和DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的城市扩展提取: 以天津市为例

以天津市为例, 将多时相的Landsat TM/ETM+影像与DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据结合起来提取城市建成区扩展信息, 并进行验证和分析。首先, 利用DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据得到城市建成区的大致范围, 利用这个范围内的Landsat TM/ETM+数据和多波段纹理进行图像分类, 得到城市建成区的空间分布。然后, 利用分类后比较法得到城市建成区的变化信息, 将提取的建成区变化结果与利用 DMSP/OLS数据得到的城市建成区扩展信息以及基于统计数据的城市建成区变化趋势进行对比, 验证方法的有效性。结果表明, 结合DMSP/OLS数据和Landsat 数据的光谱特征以及提取的多波段纹理特征, 可有效地减少裸土与城市建成区的混淆, 与只利用光谱信息的建成区提取及变化检测相比, 得到更高的精度。因此, 结合 Landsat TM/ETM+数据和DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据提供了一种进行大型城市建成区扩展检测的有效方法。     

逆流多效蒸发淡碱浓缩工艺节能技术研究

建立了带有冷凝水闪蒸和溶液闪蒸等节能措施的逆流多效蒸发淡碱浓缩系统优化设计的数学模型.以系统的年总费用最小为优化目标,以生蒸汽温度、冷凝器中二次蒸汽温度及各效有效传热温度差为决策变量,提出一种新算法———遗传算法结合拉格朗日乘子法、矩阵法、迭代法求最优解.算例表明:采用冷凝水闪蒸和溶液闪蒸是有效的节能技术,生蒸汽温度、冷凝器中二次蒸汽温度对优化结果影响显著,优化设计比常规设计可节省年总费用20.1%左右.新算法对初值要求不高,能快速稳定地收敛于全局最优.     

半导体纳米材料CdSe/ZnS在显示器件中的应用

以半导体纳米材料CdSe/ZnS作为发光层, ZnO作为电子传输层, 用Al和氧化铟锡（ITO）分别作为两极材料, 采用旋涂和真空蒸镀膜技术制备半导体发光二极管, 并对其光学性质进行表征. 结果表明: 该器件发射黄光, 峰位为575 nm, 半峰宽30 nm, 最大发光强度2 000 cd/m²; 在较高的电流密度下, 该器件的电致发光效率无
明显衰减; 当半导体纳米材料CdSe/ZnS及ZnO分别作为发光层和电子传输层时, 可制备具有高电流密度且稳定的发光二极管主体材料.     

BiPO4/Ag3PO4新型可见光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

采用共沉淀法,在不同焙烧温度下,以AgNO3,Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NaH2PO4为原料合成了一系列不同BiPO4与Ag3PO4掺杂比例的BiPO4/Ag3PO4复合型光催化剂,采用紫外可见漫反射光谱、扫描电子显微镜、荧光光谱等技术对所得光催化剂的光吸收区间、形貌、光致发光等性质进行了表征.结果显示,这些光催化剂能吸收400～500 nm波长的光,是一类新型的可见光催化剂.通过罗丹明B的可见光催化降解评价了该类光催化剂的活性.随着掺杂比例的增大,光催化活性依次减弱;随着焙烧温度的升高,光催化活性先增强后减弱.焙烧温度为350 ℃,BiPO4与Ag3PO4的摩尔百分比为5%的光催化剂活性最高,在40 min内可将200 mL浓度为12 mg/L的罗丹明B溶液完全降解.     

浅析广色域液晶显示器

本文介绍了液晶显示器广色域的发展脉络和实现广色域的解决方案,指出液晶显示器色域的物理极限主要由光源和彩色滤光片决定,色彩引擎技术仅能对色彩表现做局部增强;图像色彩还原程度取决于图像捕捉和处理过程、数据传输和显示设备的能力。     

Microscope laser light scattering spectroscopy and its applications to non-invasivein situ real time measurements on single intact cells

The principle of the technique of microscope laser light scattering spectroscopy, its development and applications to the studies on single intact cells, including our work on non-invasive in situ real time measurements on single intact erythrocyte simultaneously at the levels of cellular, sub-cellular and intracellular molecules, are introduced.     

光波干涉的分析

将一束光波分解为由一列列单原子产生的光波串，并且由此讨论光波的干涉，推导了反映相似光子的光波干涉公式，以及探测器获得光强表达式。同时讨论了反映不同光子的光波的迭加问题，证明了不能相干的原因。最后得出了两束光干涉强度公式。     

Functions and applications of polypyridyl complexes in DNA

The syntheses and desymmetration of a series of novel polypyridyl ligands as well as their complexes, and their DNA-binding properties are reported in this review. The stresses are focused on the functions and potential applications of such complexes as DNA structural probe, DNA molecular light switches, anti-cancer drugs, and photoactivated cleavage agents.