Evaluating the reliability of microsatellite genotyping from low-quality DNA templates with a polynomial distribution model

Molecular studies using trace DNA, such as from museum specimens, ancient or forensic samples and samples obtained noninvasively, often have a common problem of low quality of DNA templates. Amplification errors, such as allelic dropout and false allele, may arise during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using such samples. A mathematical model which treats homozygotes and heterozygotes discriminately has been developed to measure sample quality and compute the confidence level of using multipletube approaches. We use plucked hair samples collected from 26 individual Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxel- lana) to test the model. In this case, a confidence level of 99% can be achieved by three positive PCRs. If the sample quality is very poor and requires many PCR replicates, an alternative multiplestep genotyping method is recommended. This model enables researchers to optimize experimental protocols through pilot studies and obtain reliable genetic information using noninvasive sampling method.     

Growth, photosynthesis and podophyllotoxin accumulation of Dysosma versipellis in response to a light gradient and conservation implications

Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying (Berberidaceae) is a rare and vulnerable, perennial herb endemic to China with pharmaceutical significance. Increasing habitat loss and over-exploitation of the plant has severely affected the plant’s in situ conservation, necessitating ex situ conservation and commercial cultivation. The light regime is a critical environmental factor contributing to successful ex situ conservation via efficient production of biomass and secondary metabolites. We investigated th...     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群的生物量动态

 平茬萌蘖是中国沙棘种群更新的有效方式,但其中的生态学机制并不清楚,为此,以样地每木检尺资料为基础,以 "空间差异代替时间变化法"及"样地编年序列法"原理为依据、以生物量投资与分配为指标,探讨了中国沙棘平茬更新的生态学机制.结果表明:① 中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群及其构件生物量积累过程均符合Logistic方程,可分为慢、快、慢3个阶段,但构件之间的生物量投资与分配具有明显差异;② 通过构件之间的生物量投资与分配调节,中国沙棘实现了平茬后的萌蘖更新,尤其是萌蘖根的生物量投资具有"前置效应"和"主导效应";③ 地上与地下构件的生物量分配具有互补效应,即地下分配比例大时则地上分配比例小.因此,种群实施萌蘖更新过程中,必须在繁殖与生长之间做出权衡.     

受激布里渊散射慢光系统中强度调制器的应用研究

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉式的强度调制器具有移频特性,用于受激布里渊散射的慢光系统可以用来产生具有布里渊频移的信号光.理论和实验分析了M-Z干涉式电光强度调制器的频移特性.受激布里渊散射慢光实验中利用12.5 Gbit/s的电光强度调制器产生了相对于泵浦光具有9.394 GHz布里渊频移,脉宽为50 ns的信号光.在泵浦功率20 mW的情况下,该脉冲在2.5 km长的高非线性光纤中获得了32 dB的非饱和增益,脉冲延迟了25 ns.     

祁连山青海云杉林物种分布模型与变量相异指数

选择了边界函数法、最大熵算法以及基于规则集的遗传算法,选取坡向、海拔、多年平均温度和多年平均降水量4个环境变量,对祁连山国家自然保护区的青海云杉进行分布预测.提出一种新的物种分布模型性能评价方法,通过提取分布区上各变量的特征,比较现实分布区和潜在分布区上环境变量的差别,来评价模型在性能上的表现.该方法以计算环境变量的边界相异指数和总体相异指数实现.应用两种指数对各模型的性能评价表明:GARP模型获得4组MDIV的最小值,BF和Maxen分别获得3,2组最小MDIV,表明GARP模型性能的优越性;GARP,Maxent和BF模型的DIV分别为10.9965,15.1455和18.8747,同样表现出GARP模型优于其他两种模型的物种分布预测性能.青海云杉主要分布在研究区中部,包括肃南、民乐、山丹县存在大面积的适宜分布区.研究区南部天祝县的潜在分布区也大于现实分布范围.     

逆向工程中一种鲁棒的平移对称提取算法

为了解决逆向工程中平移对称提取的问题,提出了一种鲁棒的提取算法.首先利用特征线将模型分割成体素的集合,然后计算各个体素的形状分布曲线,通过形状分布曲线匹配的方式获取了几何形状相似的体素,并利用最小包围盒从中提取大小相似的体素,以构成对称体素的集合.利用鲁棒的PCA方法估算对称体素的初步对称信息,在此基础上利用迭代最近点算法对提取的平移对称进行优化.采用一个机械零件的三角网格模型进行实验的结果表明,体素分割结果对应构成模型的各个特征,具有明显的工程语义,对称提取结果的误差较小并具有较强的鲁棒性.     

高压高浓度CO2烟气辐射换热特性分析与计算

针对高压O2/CO2燃烧方式下高浓度CO2和水蒸气混合气体烟气的辐射换热问题,建立了一种新的宽带关联k分布模型.为了验证模型的有效性,以O2/CO2燃烧方式下炉内CO2和水蒸气生成状况为例,采用该模型与离散坐标法相结合的方法计算了不同温度(1 000~2 500 K)和压力(0.1~1.5 MPa)下一维无限大平行平板间混合气体的辐射强度和CO24.3μm谱带累积分布函数,并与逐线计算、全光谱关联k分布模型和基于指数的宽带关联k模型的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:随着压力的增加,所提出的宽带关联k分布模型与逐线计算的结果吻合较好,与文献报导的两个模型相比,不仅计算精度有所提高,而且对混合气体的处理更加简便灵活,因此更适于高压下烟气辐射特性的计算.     

中国东盟国际口岸空间运输优化布局研究

随着区域经济合作与经济全球化的发展,中国加强与东盟经济合作势在必行.以云南省的16个国家口岸为研究对象,深入分析了口岸运输的分布及其交流特征,指出了口岸运输现状中存在的主要问题.运用首位联接强度模型,计算了口岸间的联系度,据此将口岸区域空间组合划分为中缅、中越两大系统,得出了优先发展区域,为云南省"桥头堡"和"沿边开放开发试验区"的建设与实施提供参考.     

同时有短期和长期债券的公司债券定价

主要考虑公司同时发行短期和长期零息票债券的定价问题.利用随机分析方法,在短期债券到期日,由于偿付短期债务会引起公司资产的跳跃,所以,长期债券的定价需要分两个时间段进行.在结构化模型下给出了公司在短期债券存续期间没有违约的概率,以及在此条件下公司资产的条件概率分布,得到短期债券和长期债券的定价公式.通过数值计算,分析债券价格随各个参数变化的金融意义.