加速退化试验与加速寿命试验相结合的产品可靠性评估

提出加速退化试验与加速寿命试验相结合的对高可靠长寿命产品进行快速可靠性评估与寿命预测的新方法. 在建立合适退化轨迹模型的基础上,推出产品各应力下的失效分布函数. 根据这些分布函数利用数值仿真方法产生各应力下的伪失效寿命数据,利用加速寿命试验中的寿命试验数据的处理方法进行处理,然后外推出产品在正常应力下的失效分布函数. 该方法可以避免加速退化模型的分析和建模过程,在评估结果具有一定精度的情况下减少了研究工作量. 最后的实例计算表明了本文方法的有效性.     

黎曼猜想什么时候会被证明出来?

首先从对数学猜想证明的理解得出了影响证明数学猜想的两个重要因素,即数学猜想的证明依赖于必要的数学进展和合适的数学家;接着对这两个因素进行分析;由于对黎曼猜想的证明来说,无论是所需要的数学知识和方法是否具备还是是否有合适的数学家二者都是不确定的,因而无法肯定该猜想什么时候才能被证明出来。     

周波控制的工业缝纫机马达节能技术

提出一种采用单相周波控制方式的,由双向晶闸管及其组成过零触发控制方式,使双向晶闸管主回路在整个正弦全波电压期间依据轻重负载的变化导通不同比率的周波,即通过改变通断时间的比值达到交流调功的目的,负载上得到的是完整的电压电流波形,而且节能,解决了现有缝纫机电路功率因素低的问题。     

糖类遗传与生命起源

从遗传学角度探讨了糖类与生命起源，讨论了遗传学上的再认识，提出糖类在遗传学上扮演着重要、核心的角色、糖类是生命起源物质，基因是糖类衍生物。生命诞生过程可能是：先有糖类、然后有氨基酸和碱基；磷酸及其盐类既是生命物质的组成部分、也是催化剂，阳光或地热为能源，于是诞生了基因。生命体是分子相互作用、有序组合、自我调控的耗散体系。     

冻融损伤对再生混凝土耐久性及与钢筋粘结性能分析

制作掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的100％粗骨料取代率的再生混凝土RC1和RC2两组试件以及掺入引气剂和未掺入引气剂的普通混凝土NC1和NC2两组试件,并分别对经过不同次数冻融循环试件的抗压强度、质量损失率、动弹性模量损失率进行研究。结果表明,冻融后各组试件的抗压强度、质量损失率及动弹性模量损失率均降低,对于添加引气剂的NC1和RC1两组试件损失较小,其中RC1组试件在200次冻融后抗压强度损失接近40％,质量损失率达0．5％,动弹性模量损失率38．5％。100％取代率并加入引气剂的ZRC组试件冻融后进行中心拨出实验,发生劈裂破坏和钢筋拔出破坏2种形式。再生粗骨料混凝土与钢筋的极限粘结应力均随冻融次数的增加而降低,200次冻融后极限粘结应力下降33．5,荷载滑移曲线既有上升段也有下降段。     

齐次Poisson冲击模型中元件寿命递增的条件

证明元件寿命在齐次 Poisson 冲击模型中依期望序、反向失效率序、反向平均剩余寿命序、增凹序、Laplace 变换序等增加的充分条件,是促使元件失效的随机冲击次数也依相应的随机序增加.     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma recorded by major elements in sediments of the South China Sea

Evolution of the East Asian monsoon and its response to uplift of the Tibetan Plateau has been investigated in the study of global change. Core sediment samples drilled in the South China Sea during ODP Leg184 are the best materials for studying long-term variability of the East Asian monsoon. R-mode factor analysis of major elements in the fine grain-sized carbonate-free sediments (<4 μm) of the upper 185 mcd splice of ODP Site 1146 drilled during Leg184 in the South China Sea shows that Ti, TFe2O3, MgO, K2O, P, CaO, and Al2O3 are representative of a terrestrial factor. The variation in the terrestrial factor score is subject to chemical erosion in the source region and thus indicates the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon. The terrestrial factor score has three stepwise decreases at ~1.3 Ma, ~0.9 Ma, and ~0.6 Ma, indicating the phased weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon is related to wholly stepwise, quick uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau since 1.8 Ma. The periodic fluctuation of the terrestrial factor score since ~0.6 Ma indicates that the glacial-interglacial cycles have been the main force driving the evolution of the East Asian monsoon. As in the case of Chinese loess, the long-term evolution of the East Asian monsoon recorded in sediments of the South China Sea reflects a coupled effect of the glacial-interglacial cycle and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

死亡率变化对我国寿险产品纯保费影响的定量研究

寿险产品定价是人寿产品开发的核心,其目的在于确定出适当的价格.而寿险产品定价的基础之一就是经验生命表,由于新经验生命表中死亡率明显下降,会对寿险产品保费产生一定的影响.鉴于新旧生命表的区别,利用寿险精算理论,以终身寿险、定期寿险、生存年金、两全保险等基本寿险产品为例,分析了新生命表下它们各自保费的具体变化,最后通过定量分析给出一些结论.     

从多元争鸣到综合融通——品德结构研究回顾与展望

改革开放30多年来,我国品德结构研究大体分为四个阶段。第一个阶段:1979-1989年,我国社会由无产阶级政治挂帅向社会主义经济建设转型,德育界由追求崇高理想转向寻找普世价值,品德结构研究从点线相连的知情意行因素说转向三维空间的结构说;第二个阶段:1989-1999年,我国社会由计划经济为主、市场调节为辅向市场经济转型,学校德育的价值追求由集体主义转向合理利己主义,形形色色的立体结构理论呈现出百家争鸣的局面;第三个阶段:1999-2009年,我国社会主义市场经济确立,社会文化多元价值观并存,学界批判知性德育而转向生活德育,提出德育生活化的主张,品德结构问题的研究重心下移,转向寻找操作机制的形下阶段;第四个阶段:2009年以后,在以人为本的科学发展观指导下,学界反思、质疑生活德育论,提出实践理性的观点,品德结构的研究出现向人格本体形上复归的态势,表现出与时俱进的时代特征。