分光仪快速调整法

介绍了分光仪快速调整的要领和方法，并指出分光仪应用光学方法来调整。     

关于《远镜说》和《交食历指》中的望远镜

对汤若望的《远镜说》和《交食历指》中有关伽利略望远镜的内容进行了分析，并对当时此类望远镜的构造、原理，和使用中遇到的问题及相应的解决办法等作了介绍与讨论．     

Evaluation of cable tension sensors of FAST reflector from the perspective of EMI

The active reflector of FAST(five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope) is supported by a ring beam and a cable-net structure,in which nodes are actively controlled to form series of real-time paraboloids.To ensure the security and stability of the supporting structure,tension must be monitored for some typical cables.Considering the stringent requirements in accuracy and longterm stability,magnetic flux sensor,vibrating wire strain gauge and fiber bragg grating strain gauge are screened for the cable tension monitoring of the supporting cable-net.Specifically,receivers of radio telescopes have strict restriction on electro magnetic interference(EMI) or radio frequency interference(RFI).These three types of sensors are evaluated from the view of EMI/RFI.Firstly,these fundamentals are theoretically analyzed.Secondly,typical sensor signals are collected in the time and analyzed in the frequency domain,which shows the characteristic in the frequency domain.Finally,typical sensors are tested in an anechoic chamber to get the EMI levels.Theoretical analysis shows that Fiber Bragg Grating strain gauge itself will not lead to EMI/RFI.According to GJB151 A,frequency domain analysis and test results show that for the vibrating wire strain gauge and magnetic flux sensor themselves,testable EMI/RFI levels are typically below the background noise of the anechoic chamber.FAST finally choses these three sensors as the monitoring sensors of its cable tension.The proposed study is also a reference to the monitoring equipment selection of other radio telescopes and large structures.     

比例控制电路对天文望远镜的控制

折轴式天文望远镜的电路控制系统，一般采用步进电机作为动力，辅以相应的控制线路，在实际应用中容易卡死，赤经、赤纬的操作也比较烦琐．我们采用大功率直流电机并辅以比例控制电路，取得较好的效果．     

激光扩束器离焦量的多元函数极值解法

基模高斯光束通过离焦激光扩束器的离焦量，可以用拉格朗日待定乘数法、厚透镜等效变换法和分段计算法等多种方法进行求解，但上述几种求解方法均较为繁琐。文章在对拉格朗日待定乘数法进行理论分析之后证明，求解基模高斯光束通过离焦激光扩束器的离焦量不属于条件极值问题，并给出了求解上述问题的一种简单的新方法——多元函数极值法。     

Stewart机构在刚体6维测量中的精度

为得到500米口径大型射电望远镜(FAST)馈源精调实验平台的位置姿态实现反馈控制,提出利用Stewart机构,通过测量其6条支链的长度,运用Stewart机构的运动学正解求得刚体6维的位姿信息的测量刚体位姿的方法.利用Stewart机构的Jacobin矩阵条件数分析传感器精度到刚体测量精度的影响.通过实验验证了精度分析的结果,即Stewart平台的Jacobin矩阵条件数增大将使测量精度降低,因此将Stewart平台Jacobin矩阵条件数做为衡量机构测量精度的指标是合理的.这种测量方法对同类6维测量方式的设计和应用具有指导意义.     

直角棱镜系统反射面平行度误差的补偿方法

在一些武器的瞄准中经常会使用到直角棱镜系统,而直角棱镜系统会由于载体的变形造成两个棱镜反射面之间的平行度误差,这样对武器瞄准精度有很大的影响,致使武器的打击精度降低。对于这一问题在直角棱镜系统自身无法克服的情况下,需要对直角棱镜系统两个棱镜反射面之间的不平行度进行补偿。通过分析可知此种方法对直角棱镜系统反射面之间的平行度误差的补偿是一种行之有效的方法。     

Precise determination of the reference point coordinates of Shanghai Tianma 65-m radio telescope

A local survey was implemented at the newly constructed Shanghai Tianma 65-m radio telescope. In this article, the survey implementation and data analysis are described. Particularly, by application of coordinate transformation, dimensionality reduction and step fitting of parameters, as well as adoption of reliability test measures of parameters, the mathematical model of data analysis is simplified, the detrimental effects of observation noises and unevenly spatial coverage of sample points are effectively compressed, the stability and precision of parameter solutions are improved, and so the geocentric three-dimensional coordinates of the reference point of this telescope in the precision of millimeters were determined, and the axisoffset was shown not significant on the precision level of 3 mm. The outcome provides important reference to the subsequent activities of antenna maintenance and scientific application, including the establishment of precise antenna orientation model, orientation guidance, fringe searching in data cross-correlation, analysis and application studies of VLBI observations. It is also important archive data for monitoring possible subsidence and lateral displacement of antenna foundation as well as deformation of antenna tracking-rail and structure.     

FAST的进展——科学、技术与设备

随着射电天文学的发展,高灵敏度的大口径射电望远镜成为射电观测的重要设备.我国正在建设中的500 m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)将成为世界上最大、最灵敏的单口径射电望远镜,它有望在中性氢巡视、脉冲星搜索、国际VLBI网联测及地外生命搜寻等重要前沿领域取得突破.本文介绍了FAST工程概念的提出及望远镜概况,列出了FAST的主要科学目标及早期科学准备,重点叙述了FAST工程在科学、技术与设备方面的最新进展,并对FAST工程的发展做出了展望.     

面向FAST馈源仓定位的微波测距系统设计

500 m口径球面射电望远镜(five-hundred-meter aperture spherical radio telescope, FAST)是近年建成的重大科学装置, 其高效运行依赖于对馈源仓的高精度定位。当前基于全站仪测距的馈源仓定位系统在雨雾等恶劣天气中无法有效工作, 降低了FAST工作时长。针对此问题,提出一种基于微波测距的新方案, 有望在满足馈源仓定位精度的同时, 显著改善FAST的运行效率, 使之实现全天候全天时工作。深入研究了微波测距定位系统中亟待解决的若干关键科学问题, 初步给出了系统方案与技术路线。根据理论分析, 该微波测距系统的定位误差优于±5 mm, 可达到设计要求。