一种多约束条件下的三脉冲交会优化设计方法

针对空间快速接近定点观测任务, 研究了具有交会时间和转移路径约束的多约束条件下的共面圆轨道间远距离三脉冲最优交会问题, 将Hill制导方法与粒子群算法相结合求解转移路径点以及转移时机的最优解。在求解过程中, 提出一种等价变换的方法, 将原始待求量转化为一组新的相互独立的待求变量, 将原始的各约束项转化为易描述和处理的搜索空间边界条件, 为完成算法的初始化过程带来了便利, 使得算法设计过程更为简洁。最后, 给出了两组三脉冲最优交会仿真实验, 仿真结果不仅验证了所提算法的有效性, 而且表明, 相对于常规的设置惩罚项处理约束的方法, 采用本文所提出的等价变换方法处理约束项后, 算法表现出更强大的搜索能力及更好的稳定性。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

Evolution of ferronickel particles during the reduction of low-grade saprolitic laterite nickel ore by coal in the temperature range of 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO–CaF2–H3BO3

The method of producing ferronickel at low temperature(1250–1400℃)has been applied since the 1950s at Nippon Yakin Kogyo,Oheyama Works,Japan.Limestone was used as an additive to adjust the slag composition for lowering the slag melting point.The ferronickel product was recovered by means of a magnetic separator from semi-molten slag and metal after water quenching.To increase the efficiency of magnetic separation,a large particle size of ferronickel is desired.Therefore,in this study,the influences of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃ additives on the evolution of ferronickel particle at≤1250℃were investigated.The experiments were conducted at 900–1250℃with the addition of CaO,CaF₂,and H₃BO₃.The reduction processes were carried out in a horizontal tube furnace for 2 h under argon atmosphere.At 1250℃,with the CaO addition of 10 wt%of the ore weight,ferronickel particles with size of 20μm were obtained.The ferronickel particle size increased to 165μm by adding 10 wt%CaO and 10 wt%CaF₂.The addition of boric acid further increased the ferronickel particle size to 376μm,as shown by the experiments with the addition of 10 wt%CaO,10 wt%CaF₂,and 10 wt%H₃BO₃.     

微粒受介电泳效应的动力学建模和仿真

Velocity-Verlet或ODE算法分析微粒的运动特征,涉及的偏微分方程存在求解困难、运算量大和使用效率低的难点.采用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a有限元软件,通过AC/DC模块中的边界条件设定可快速求解Laplace方程,为介电泳力的求解提供先决条件.后期根据软件提供的粒子追踪模块,将介电泳力、斯托克斯拖曳力、排斥力和浮力内联进粒子追踪模块的应力参数表中,设定固定的时间步长和范围对介电泳芯片的粒子受力运动问题进行了仿真.结果表明,该方法可以有效模拟微粒受介电泳效应的运动行为,并且与Velocity-Verlet或ODE算法模拟结果相似,能有效降低计算程序的繁琐程度,提高动态模拟的人机可视化效果.     

导航信号功率增强对阵列接收机的影响分析

为了分析低轨导航增强系统中信号功率增强对阵列接收机的影响, 提出一种信号传播与阵列接收机的数学模型, 基于该模型分析了功率增强条件下最小均方误差算法与直接矩阵求逆算法对抗干扰性能的影响。根据理论分析与仿真实验, 增强信号对最小均方误差与直接矩阵求逆的影响相似, 当信号增强量在15 dB以下时, 阵列抗干扰对信号的影响较小;随着信号功率进一步增强, 增强信号被识别为干扰并进行了抑制;当信号的信噪比增强到10 dB时, 增强信号被抑制约15 dB。研究结果表明, 在采用传统阵列抗干扰方法的情况下, 信号功率的增强并非越大越好, 信号功率增强15 dB时对传统阵列抗干扰的影响较小。     

城市区域多物流无人机协同任务分配

针对城市区域多无人机协同物流任务分配问题, 综合考虑不同无人机性能、物流时效性、飞行可靠性等影响因素, 以经济成本、时间损失和安全风险最小为目标函数, 构建多无人机协同物流任务分配模型。因问题规模大、求解复杂度高, 设计改进的量子粒子群算法进行求解。首先,为增强粒子遍历性和多样性, 采用均匀化级联Logistic映射进行粒子初始化; 其次,为避免算法陷入局部最优解, 引入基于高斯分布的粒子变异方式; 最后,为提高算法运行效率, 运用自适应惯性权重方法对粒子赋值。仿真实验结果表明,所构建的模型能够实现任务分配多目标优化, 贴近城市区域无人机物流配送实际; 所提算法与传统量子粒子群算法和遗传算法相比, 任务分配代价分别下降了5.9%和6.3%;并进一步对参数权重设置进行分析, 当3个子目标函数权重系数分别为0.225、0.275和0.500, 种群规模为150时, 算法规划的结果最优。     

具有非单调传染率与连续干扰的SIQR模型的稳定性研究

将连续方式的接种、剔除和隔离干扰引入模型,建立了一类具有非单调传染率的SIQR传染病模型;首先,通过计算得到了疾病流行的阈值R_0及无病平衡点和地方病平衡点存在的条件;其次,当R_01时,采用Routh-Hurwitz判据和极限方程理论证明了无病平衡点具有全局渐近稳定性,当R_0 1时,运用Liapunov函数和LaSalle不变集原理证明了地方病平衡点E~*也具有全局渐近稳定性;接着,为了进一步说明理论研究的正确性,利用Matlab软件进行了计算机模拟;最后,借助阈值R_0的偏导数,对连续方式的接种、剔除和隔离策略进行了比较和分析。     

I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

具有迁移效应和隔离措施的COVID-19传播模型分析

基于COVID-19传播过程中人口流动的必然性、无症状感染者的普遍性和隔离策略的有效性,该文提出了一类具有迁移效应、无症状感染者、自我防护意识和隔离策略的COVID-19传播动力学模型,利用下一代矩阵方法给出了各类子系统和全系统基本再生数的精确表达式.进一步地,通过采用线性近似理论,构造Lyapunov函数、比较原理等方法,得到了无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性以及疾病的持久性.最后,数值模拟解释了主要的理论结果以及人口的迁移和隔离对疾病传播的影响.     

重力场中Hamaker势对纳米气溶胶对分布函数的影响

本从研究重力场中碰并面外无势力纳米气溶胶粒子之间的碰并出发．重力场中，纳米气溶胶粒子之间的碰并属于低peclet数高Knudsen数情况．求解纳米气溶胶间的对分布方程，得到了该条件下对分布函数的解析解．将结果和含有实力作用的匹配渐进展开法得到的三阶展式的情况做了比较，确定了该条件下Hamaker势力对对分布函数的贡献．