试论吐蕃时期布达拉宫的建筑规模

举世闻名的布达拉宫是西藏的标志性建筑，也是西藏文明的象征。在一千余年的历史发展过程中，布达拉宫的建筑规膜发生了巨大变化。文章试图从吐蕃时期的重要历史事件中提取有关布达拉宫的零星记栽，分析自吐蕃时期布达拉宫建筑规模的变化，为还原布达拉宫的原貌提供一些历史的线索和依据。     

列联表检验在疾病成因中的应用

在医学中,对某些疾病成因的探究越来越重要,鉴于其样本是离散多元的,列联表在医学,生物学中应用更加广泛。疾病及其成因的研究属于对分类变量进行的分析研究,利用列联表统计样本频数,利用假设检验中的卡方检验并参照临界值表,由此能判断分类变量之间是相关还是相互独立。利用交叉列联表探究现象与其因素的相关关系,而SPSS中的三种检验方法,即χ2检验、ψ系数、列联系数,充分的分析研究了统计量的相关关系,这对于疾病的预防及治疗有很大的帮助。     

集料尺寸和形状及掺合料对混凝土界面的影响

研究混凝土粗集料与砂浆在宏观尺度上的界面特性,并采用砂浆中的砂粒与粗集料的平均间距(简称界面平均间距)进行表征.结合雅砻江锦屏大坝集料品种,研究了球形和片状2种粗集料形状、2组粗集料尺寸,以及粉煤灰和石灰石粉的2个掺量(10%,20%)对界面平均间距的影响.结果表明,采用界面区砂粒与粗集料的平均间距能较好地反映界面区的宏观离析和均质性,测量使用也较简便.对于球形集料,大、小集料上方与下方的界面平均间距无显著差异,表明界面较均匀,离析不明显;而对于片状集料,随着尺寸增大,上、下方的界面平均间距的差异增大,表明大的片状集料下方产生了明显的离析.研究结果还表明,采用粉煤灰或石灰石粉部分等质量取代水泥,可以改善片状集料下方浆体的离析.     

中国足球超级联赛俱乐部后备人才培养的评价方案

应用文献资料调查、特尔菲和AHP等方法,对中国足球超级联赛俱乐部后备人才培养情况的指标以及指标的权重分配进行调查和计算,制定出后备人才培养的评价方案。     

考虑大宗交易的均值-方差投资组合优化模型及其分支定界算法

由于大宗交易下边际交易费用递减,因此用线性加凹的函数拟合实际交易费用函数, 建立了均值-方差框架下的组合优化模型并给出了相应的求解算法.通过对恒生指数样本股的实证分析发现:考虑大宗交易的组合有效边缘介于线性交易费用和无交易费用的组合有效边缘之间; 大宗交易稀释了“分散化降低风险”的效应; 大宗交易下交易费用越大, 相对于线性交易费用而言组合集中度越高.     

Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies,Caudata, Salamandridae) from the Balkan Peninsula

We studied intraspecific and interspecific variations of early life‐history traits for four crested newt species with different habitat preferences. Although we found considerable variation in size and growth rate between offspring of conspecific females, the species effect appeared to be much more pronounced. The crested newt species we examined differed in egg size, size of larvae at hatching and growth rate. Triturus dobrogicus appeared to be the outlier species among these species, and showed (1) the smallest egg size, (2) the smallest larval size at hatching and (3) the longest larval period, resulting in the largest metamorphosed juveniles.     

Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: introduction and family Papilionidae

This article marks the beginning of a short series on the butterfly fauna of Mount Kilimanjaro. It commences with a brief overview of the topography, tectonic history, climate, ecological zonation and conservation significance of Africa's highest mountain. Following an introductory account to the butterfly fauna, the rest of this paper presents an annotated checklist of the swallowtails (Papilionidae). Eight papilionid species are currently believed to occur within the main forest zone, from 1800 to 2800 m (in places this zone extends down to c.1600 m). Another 10 have been recorded from the lower slopes, which include some disturbed forest and forest relicts, from 700–1800 m. The need for better data is discussed in light of the suggestion that the butterflies of Mount Kilimanjaro could become a focal group for monitoring effects of climate change. An identification key to families, together with a key to the swallowtail species and colour illustrations of adults, are included as online Supplementary Information.     

The atyid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) rostrum: phylogeny versus adaptation,taxonomy versus trophic ecology

Cave shrimps of the subgenus Troglocaris (Atyidae), exhibit high variability in rostral length and dentition. In shrimp populations that co-occur with the amphibian predator Proteus anguinus, longer rostra armed with more numerous teeth are recorded. These shrimps are also larger than those living in a presumably Proteus-free environment. Discrepancies between molecularly established phylogenetic relationships and distributions of rostral length, as well as body size, directed our search towards possible environmental influences. These discrepancies suggest that rostral shape is not a reliable taxonomic character in some generic and many specific diagnoses in Atyidae. We discuss some taxonomic consequences of sexual and ontogenetic rostral differences with regard to the molecular phylogenetic tree. In preliminary laboratory observations, no frontal attack by Proteus was successful on shrimps with long rostra. Proteus also needed more time to swallow shrimps with long rostra.     

等效性/非劣性检验在方法学研究中的应用尝试

在方法学研究和比较试验中引入等效性/非劣性判定检验,介绍此类试验样本数的估算、判定界值的确定及进行非劣性判定的假设检验理论和实际过程,并举例进行计量数据方法的非劣性判定.     

CBA篮球联赛引进外籍队员的利与弊探析

本文运用了文献资料法,数据统计法,逻辑分析法等,针对目前国内CBA篮球联赛中出现的外援问题进行了研究和分析.结果表明,外援的引进对于国内篮球运动的发展是一把双刃剑,既有积极影响,如提高了CBA联赛的知名度等,又有消极影响,如不利于本土球员的成长等.此外,外援的问题还存在于俱乐部的管理方面以及其对青少年运动员的影响问题.