黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

荞皮改性纤维吸附能力及除铅效果的研究

对荞皮改性纤维的吸附能力及除铅效果进行研究.结果表明:荞皮纤维改性后对Pb2+的吸附能力比改性前提高了77.03%,对Pb2+的饱和吸附容量为203.99μg/g;用5%的氨水溶液再生,经两次再生Pb2+的饱和吸附容量为177.854 5μg/g,平均再生率为90.08%;甘草中除Pb2+的能力由未改性荞皮的6.225μg/g提高到改性荞皮的40.11μg/g,提高了544.3%.     

合川盐井溪嘉陵江组第二段盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩的碳氧同位素组成

以四川盆地东部合川盐井溪剖面三叠系嘉陵江组第二段的盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩为重点研究对象,在薄片观察、阴极发光和元素分析的基础上,探讨了盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩和相邻地层中微晶灰岩、微晶白云岩的元素地球化学特征和碳、氧同位素组成。研究表明:盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩锰、锶的质量分数和δ~(13) C、δ~(18) O平均值分别为268×10~(-6)、120×10~(-6)、-5.80‰和-8.97‰,微晶灰岩锰、锶的质量分数和δ~(13) C、δ~(18) O平均值分别为142×10~(-6)、767×10~(-6)、-1.60‰和~(-6).31‰。与相邻地层的微晶灰岩相比,盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩具有较高的锰含量、较低的锶含量、较负的碳、氧同位素组成,显示盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩的地球化学特征代表了表生成岩环境,其碳源主要与近地表大气水环境的CO_2有关,并可能掺和细菌硫酸盐还原作用产生的CO_2,氧除与近地表大气水有关外,并可能继承了硫酸盐中的氧;微晶灰岩则对海水地球化学信息具有更好的代表性。相邻地层微晶白云岩的锰、锶的质量分数和δ~(13) C、δ~(18) O平均值分别为291×10~(-6)、98×10~(-6)、-0.30‰和-4.23‰,具有和盐溶角砾岩-次生灰岩类似的锰、锶含量和较正的碳、氧同位素组成,碳同位素可能较好地代表了同期海水,氧同位素则代表了蒸发海水。     

Carbon isotopic records in paleosols over the Pliocene in Northern China: Implication on vegetation development and Tibetan uplift

Carbon isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate can be used to estimate the proportion of C₄ and C₃ plants. Here we present carbon isotopic data of carbonate in a red earth section at Xifeng, central Loess Plateau. Results show that C₄ vegetation increased in ∼4.4 Ma B.P., stabilized between 4.0 and 3.0 Ma B.P. The character and timing of C₄ expansion on the Loess Plateau are similar, but different with other localities, e.g. Pakistan and Africa, implying that regional climate changes were main factors driving the expansion of C₄ plants. This event is comparable in timing with increased aridity evidenced by Xifeng grain size and North Pacific eolian dust records. Therefore we argue that the Pliocene expansion of C₄ plants in northern China might have been caused by the increased aridity, which in turn might be related to rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

核心备件的订货策略与模型

以地铁机车核心部件在一个运营周期内的备件管理为应用背景,研究了连续检查策略下基于正常订货与紧急订货两种策略的备件订购模型.通过引入风险率函数,并最小化备件库存、缺货和检查费用等运营成本,确定了订货提前期与维修时间均为随机分布时的备件最优订货时刻,并给出算例进行了分析.所得结论对其他服务型企业和流程工业的备件管理具有一定的现实意义.     

一种控制高层结构随机地震反应的新策略

以某高层剪切型钢框架结构为工程背景,提出TMD与LRB联合作用的T-L控制策略,利用非线性随机振动理论分别对无控制、TMD控制和T-L控制3种控制结构的非线性运动方程进行等效线性化处理,利用复模态理论给出以第一振型表示的3种控制结构随机地震反应解析解的计算方法。研究结果表明:新提出的T-L控制策略比TMD控制更能显著降低结构位移、速度和加速度反应方差;新算法同样可用于求解LRB层间隔震高层结构随机地震反应。算例在T-L控制下的最大位移、速度和加速度反应方差比TMD控制下的分别降低了29.3%、27.8%和31.6%。     

High resolution stalagmite δ18O records over the past 1000 years from Dongge Cave in Guizhou

Based on MC-ICP-MS U-series dating andstable O-isotope analysis results, a 4-5 years resolution monsoon record over the past 1000 years has been established for two stalagmites from Dongge Cave, Guizhou. The high resolution oxygen isotope record serves as a proxy for variations in rainfall of Asian southwest monsoon over the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. A close relation of the δ18O record with the A^14C record from tree rings largely reflects impact of centennial-scale solar activity on the monsoon climate changes. The conspicuous decrease in the δ18O value at AD 1720 indicates an abrupt increase in monsoon rainfall, suggesting that an atmospheric-oceanic couple over the tropical Indian Ocean plays an important role in rapid increase of the Northern Hemisphere temperature over the last century.     

Characteristics of strontium isotopes and their implications in the Qixing Cave of Guizhou,China

The strontium isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr) of samples including soils, bedrock, soil waters, drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in the Qixing Cave (QXC), Guizhou Province, China, were systemically measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there are significant Sr isotopic differences among samples. The mean 87Sr/86Sr ratios in drip water for the samples 1#, 4# and 9# were 0.709568, 0.709139 and 0.708761, respectively, which possibly result from different flow paths, residence times, and other hydrogeological processes in the unsaturated zone overlying QXC. Meanwhile, levels of 40.8%, 57.6% and 72.4% of Sr in drip waters for 1#, 4# and 9#, respectively, were derived from bedrock dissolution, which was calculated by the mixture model of the two end-members (soil and bedrock). There is, however, no positive correlation between the relative proportion from bedrock dissolution (δ13C value is 1.8‰) and drip water δ13CDIC values. The mean drip water δ13CDIC value in 1# is the heaviest (–4.5‰) with the lowest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution, whereas the value in 9# is the lightest (–9.3‰) with the highest contribution rate of bedrock dissolution. The proportion from host rock dissolution in 4# is higher than that in 1# and lower than that in 9#, while its mean drip water δ13CDIC value (–8.6‰) is higher than that of 9# and lower than that for 1#. This suggests that the prior calcite precipitation (PCP) processes in the unsaturated zone overlying the cave are responsible for the δ13CDIC value differences between different drip waters, and not bedrock dissolution. Furthermore, this study also demonstrates that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of speleothems in the 1# and 4# mainly reflect the variation in the relative proportions from the soil system (soil water) and bedrock dissolution overlying the cave. It is, therefore, feasible to use the strontium isotopic signals of speleothems as an indicator for soil chemical weathering intensity, and consequently as a monsoon proxy in the study area.     

Carbon isotopic compositions of pore and matrix carbonates in carbonate nodules, and origin of carbonate formation

Carbon isotopes of pedogenic carbonate are often used to study paleoenvironments, but the existence of detrital carbonate changes the carbon isotopic composition. To develop an experimental method to determine existence of detrital carbonate in carbonate nodules, and to avoid it during isotope analysis, 23 pedogenic carbonate nodules in Miocene loess from the Loess Plateau of China were studied through micromorphology and carbon isotope analysis. The difference in carbon isotopic composition between matrix carbonate (B) and pore carbonate (A) (δ¹³C_(B-A)) ranges from 0.27‰ to 0.44‰ in nodules containing detrital carbonate and –0.16‰ to 0.13‰ in nodules where detrital carbonate is absent. The latter is within measurement error, but the former is beyond it. Here we propose an isotopic approach to determine if nodules contain detrital carbonate: if δ¹³C_(B-A) is within the measurement error, the nodules do not contain detrital carbonate, and vice versa. We suggest that it is better to analyze pore carbonate instead of matrix carbonate when using carbon isotope of carbonate nodules to reconstruct paleoenvironments.     

Hf isotope composition of zircons and implication for the petrogenesis of Yajiangqiao granite,Hunan Province,China

In the peralumineous granite of Yajiangqiao zircon population can be divided into two groups (i.e. Zircon Ⅰ and Zircon Ⅱ), which were formed in magmatic chamber and in emplacement place, respectively. The Hf isotope compositions of two stages of zircon show that the host magma was essentially derived from crustal material by melting. However, some higher 176Hf/177Hf ratios indicate that the granitic zircons should contain fine crystal of zircon formed in mantle-derived magma. In fact, the backscattered electron imaging and the electron microprobe analysis reveal that there is another type of zircon included within Zircon Ⅰ, which is quite different from Zircon Ⅰ and Zircon Ⅱ in morphology and chemistry. They are considered to be the product of the mantle-derived magma intruded into the granitic magma chamber at the beginning of anatexis. Thus,it is suggested that the formation of Yajiangqiao granite is related to the underplating of mantle magma.