四川华蓥二叠-三叠系界线剖面稳定碳同位素变化特征及其生物地球化学循环成因

对四川华蓥楼房湾剖面稳定碳同位素进行的研究表明,该地区二叠-三叠系界线附近碳同位素变化趋势与全球变化基本一致。早三叠世早期ΔB平均值高于晚二叠世晚期,指示海水中磷酸盐浓度的增大和初级生产力的繁盛。从晚二叠世末期开始δ13Ccarb的缓慢降低是由大规模火山作用以及陆地风化作用加强造成的;早三叠世最早期δ13Ccarb和δ13Corg的快速同步降低所代表的全球碳循环变化主要受控于生物集群绝灭的主幕及海平面上升引起的底部缺氧水上涌。总之,二叠-三叠纪之交碳同位素变化是火山作用、海平面变化、海洋和陆地生物集群绝灭以及缺氧水上涌等因素综合作用的结果。     

物质点法在爆轰波碰撞炸药猛度试验中应用

使用常规有限元法对炸药爆轰过程进行数值计算时,网格大尺度畸变,往往导致求解精度低,甚至求解失败的情况.采用同时兼顾拉格朗日方法和欧拉方法优点的物质点法(MPM)对爆轰波碰撞炸药猛度试验进行数值计算,得出爆轰波碰撞过程及其在铅柱中传播的应力、应变分布.与试验结果进行对比得知,铅柱压缩误差仅为0.17%.由此验证了物质点法在炸药猛度试验应用中的准确性,为爆轰波传播、碰撞过程分析及炸药猛度测试提供了一种新方法.     

重金属铅对实验红鲫生理生化指标影响的研究

为了检测重金属铅离子对实验红鲫的生物毒性效应,以实验红鲫为受试鱼类,观察实验红鲫在不同浓度重金属铅溶液中的生长情况、死亡率、异常状态以及血红细胞微核和核异常情况,并检测血液中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)的变化情况指标,分析不同浓度的铅对实验红鲫生理状态的影响。结果发现与空白对照组相比,实验红鲫在安全浓度范围内未出现死亡,生长状态良好,随着重金属铅浓度的不断增加,核异常率明显发生变化,血液中的乳酸脱氢酶也有明显的变化。     

Mo isotopes in the Lower Cambrian formation of southern China and its implications on paleo-ocean environment

Over the past decade, as one of nontraditional stable isotopes, Mo isotope has developed rapidly and now become an important geochemical proxy to trace paleo-oceanic and atmospheric evolution through geological history. In this paper, Early Cambrian formations in southern China are investigated. The results indicate that δ 97/95Mo values of Early Cambrian seawater may have been larger than 1.4‰, values that are close to those of the modern ocean. It was also found that the variations in Mo isotope composition in samples from two sections （Huangjiawan and Gezhongwu in Guizhou） were closely related to changes in redox conditions during sedimentary processes. Combining our results with existing data, a preliminary model for the evolution of seawater Mo isotope composition through geological history was provided. It indicated that Mo isotopic variations were generally consistent with the evolution of atmospheric oxygen.     

He-Ar isotopic system of fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in south margin of North China Block and its trace to metallogenetic and geodynamic background

The helium and argon isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluids from the molybdenum deposits such as Jinduicheng, Donggou, Shijiawan, and Sandaozhuang, which are located in the East Qinling molybdenum belt in south margin of North China Block （SMCNB）, are reported in this paper. The origin and the evolution of the ore-forming fluids and their coupled-relationships with the intra-continental collision and orogenic process of Qinling Orogen in Mesozoic-Cenozoic have been discussed. The 3He/4He and 40Ar/36Ar values （3He/4He=1.38-3.64 Ra, and 40Ar/36Ar=295.68-346.39, respectively） of the fluid inclusions in pyrite from the molybdenum deposits in East Qinling suggest that, the ore-forming fluid system is mixed by two end members. One is the high temperature deep-derived fluid congenetic with the porphyries generated by crust-mantle mixing, and the other is the low-temperature meteoric water which is rich in crustal radiogenic He with the component of atmospheric Ar. From the Pb isotopic composition, and ore-bearing potential of the porphyry and the regional stratum, we can conclude that the ore-forming materials of the deposits in the East Qinling molybdenum belt are derived from the deep source by the mixing of lower crust and upper mantle. Therefore, the formation of the molybdenum deposits in SMNCB can be related to the crust-mantle interaction, which is accompanied by the intra-continental orogenic and extension process in the post-collision period of Qinling Orogen. The granitic porphyries which are related to Mo mineralization are not simple crust-remelting type granites or S type granites, but belong to syntexis-type or mantle-derived granites, hence their formation has a profound and regional geodynamic background.     

Simulations of seasonal variations of stable water isotopes in land surface process model CLM

In this study, we simulated and analyzed the monthly variations of stable water isotopes in different reservoirs at Manaus, Brazil, using the Community Land Model （CLM） that incorporates stable isotopic effects as a diagnostic tool for understanding stable water isotopic processes, filling the observational data gaps and predicting hydrometeorological processes. The simulation results show that the δ^18O values in precipitation, vapor and surface runoff have distinct seasonality with the marked negative correlations with corresponding water amount. Compared with the survey results by the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA） in co-operation with the World Meteorological Organization （WMO）, the simulations by CLM reveal the similar temporal distributions of the δ^18O in precipitation. Moreover, the simulated amount effect between monthly δ^18O and monthly precipitation amount, and MWL （meteoric water line） are all close to the measured values. However, the simulated seasonal difference in the δ^18O in precipitation is distinctly smaller than observed one, and the simulated temporal distribution of the δ^18O in precipitation displays the ideal bimodal seasonality rather than the observed single one. These mismatches are possibly related to the simulation capacity and the veracity in forcing data.     

Tracing the major source area of the mountainous runoff generation of the Heihe River in northwest China using stable isotope technique

Based on the data of δ^18O in precipitation during the period of April 2006 through May 2007 in the upper catchment of the main stream of the Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains, we found that there existed an evident altitude effect on δ^18O in precipitation, and the δ^18O-altitude gradient was -0.18‰/100 m. When δ^18O in river water at the outlet of the mountainous drainage area of the main stream of the Heihe River was combined with the δ^18O-altitude relation, it was realized that the mountainous runoff was generated mostly at high altitudes. Using two component models, we revealed that 80.2% of the annual total mountainous runoff amount was generated at the alpine permafrost-snow-ice zone with an altitude of above 3600 m a.s.I.     

收益共享协调机制下两阶段供应链提前期压缩的博弈分析

提前期压缩可以使供应链柔性增大、库存成本减少和供应链收益增加.提前期压缩所增加收益的合理分配对供应链成员间的合作伙伴关系的维护和加强起着关键性作用.建立了基于收益共享协调机制下的Stackelberg博弈模型,在制造商投资柔性设备压缩订货提前期给零售商带来的额外效益在供应链上下游间分享的情形下,分析了提前期压缩和零售商库存管理的决策问题.研究发现:在收益共享协调方式下,零售商先行动公布收益分享比例激励制造商进行合理的订货提前期压缩,供应链整体及上下游的收益均要高于订货提前期压缩前;提前期压缩比例和收益共享比例与零售商的终端需求、订货批量等库存管理参数等有着紧密联系.     

硫酸铵-溴化四丁基铵水体系液液萃取分离铅

研究了硫酸铵-溴化四丁基铵(TBAB)-水体系萃取分离铅的行为及其与常见离子的分离条件.试验表明,TBAB的水溶液在硫酸铵的作用下盐析,形成了液-液两相,在pH3～5的克拉克-鲁布斯缓冲溶液中,Pb2+与Br-形成的络阴离子PbBr42-能与溴化四丁基铵TBA+形成疏水性的三元离子缔合物(TBA+)2(PbBr42-)而被萃取到上层TBAB相,其他共存离子:Zn2+,Cu2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Mn2+,Fe3+不被萃取.控制溶液的酸度,该体系能够使Pb2+与常见金属离子Zn2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Ni2+,Mn2+,Fe3+等完全分离.对合成水样进行了萃取分离测定,结果满意.     

离心级联供料扰动过程中丰度分布的数值模拟

为了得到离心级联流体状态变化时同位素丰度分布情况,建立了丰度变化下的动态数学模型,与水力学数值模拟进行耦合,利用Q迭代算法求解了动态丰度方程。Xe分离数值模拟结果表明,该模型和算法可以有效求解离心级联动态丰度分布。在扰动幅度和持续时间都相同的情况下,丰度的变化与该组分在同位素中的位置、距离扰动级的位置、机器滞留量以及稳态下丰度的分布情况都密切相关。研究结果可供实际同位素生产中参数分析和调整时参考。