Climatic significance of n-alkanes and their compound-specific dD values from lake surface sediments on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau

The content and hydrogen isotope ratios of n-alkanes extracted from recent lake surface sediments sampled from nine lakes in three different climate zones on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed.Values were compared with n-alkanes in plants from lake drainages,and dD values of meteoric water,lake water,and mean annual precipitation.The results showed that n-C23was predominantly derived from aquatic plants,and n-C27–n-C33from terrestrial higher plants.The average carbon chain length of n-C27–n-C33(ACL27–33)was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation.dD values of the long-chain n-alkanes n-C29and n-C31of terrestrial origin(varying between-214%and-169%,and-226%and-185%,respectively)were inversely correlated with mean annual precipitation;but in accordance with the average annual variations in dD(OIPC),dD values of n-C31were strongly related to the dD values of growing season meteoric water(R2=0.74).The large difference between dD values of n-C23of aquatic origin and n-C31(an average of about 27%)demonstrates the enrichment of the lake water dD compared to precipitation,caused by strong evaporation in the semiarid–arid areas of the southwestern Tibetan Plateau.Average value of en C25 31=p(-95%)is evidently higher than the value observed in European wet regions(-128%);besides,en C31(about-116%)is constant along the study transect(SD=9),which indicates that n-C31is a useful proxy for the environment.     

Paleodietary changes by penguins and seals in association with Antarctic climate and sea ice extent

Positioned near the top of the food web, the dietary composition of Antarctic penguins and seals can be an excellent indicator of the regional food web and thus the status of the marine ecosystem. The dietary composition of modern penguins and seals has been well investigated; a long-term time series of data on penguin and seal diets, however, are rare. Such data, especially any predating the initiation of human harvesting of fish, whales and seals in Antarctica, are crucial for understanding and predicting responses of regional marine food webs to natural climate changes. Here we review recent progress on research of paleodietary change in Antarctic penguins and seals, specifically the Adelie penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） and Antarctic fur seal （Arctocephalus gazella）. These studies indicate that the dietary changes of penguins correspond quite well with fluctuations in climate and sea ice extent during the Holocene. The depleted δ15N ratios found in modern Adelie penguins support the ＂krill surplus hypothesis＂ in relation to historic human depletion of krilleating fish, seals and whales.     

论冀中地区O、C—P凝析气藏的形成条件

据凝析油轻烃组成、甲烷及其同系物碳同位素组成、天然气与源岩吸附气指纹时比、双环倍半萜组合特征及地质结构的综合分析,查明O、C—P大多数提析气藏的油气主要来源于石炭—二叠系煤系腐植型有机质,混入了部分下第三系的油气。对石炭—二叠系成烃特点的分析表明,R。=0.6%～1.3%,以成气为主,生油为辅,原始油气比一般大于1OOCm3/t。成熟期的石炭—二叠系有机质的成烃特点和具备油气富集的良好地质条件是O、C—P凝析气藏形成的基本条件。     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床的同位素地球化学特征

东风山金矿体赋存在含铁层之下的东风山群角岩层中。赋矿层位中富含磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、锰铝榴石和锰铁闪石。通过对该矿床的硫、氧、碳和铅同位素研究,表明硫化物中的硫和地层铅主要来自深源,其次地层中的含硫有机物被生物分解形成的硫也产生一定影响。东风山群形成于早元古代。东风山金矿属高温热接触变质的同生床。     

钛基Pbo2疏水电极的研究

提出了一种特别适用于憎水性有机物电解合成的疏水 Ｐｂ Ｏ２ 电极的制备方法,并讨论了制取此电极的各种工艺条件,测试了电极的一些性能．该电极较好地解决了以往以钛为基体的 Ｐｂ Ｏ２ 电极所存在的镀层与基体结合不牢、机械强度差,在用于有机合成时,电化学反应阻抗大,电流效率低,槽压高,能耗大等一系列问题     

锆钛酸铅陶瓷的烧结性能

测定了Zr 浓度为x= 0-85 ～0-97 的锆钛酸铅陶瓷(PZT) 的径向线收缩率和致密度. 同时, 利用球模型推导的扩散机制的烧结方程获得该Zr 浓度范围内PZT 陶瓷的烧结活化能. 研究发现, 在PZT陶瓷的铁电一反铁电相边界所对应的Zr 浓度范围, PZT 陶瓷的烧结活化能和致密度存在突变.     

Hydrogen isotope compositions of mantle-derived amphibole megacrysts from Qilin, Guangdong and its tectonic significance

Hydrogen isotope compositions of mantle-derived amphibole megacrysts from Qilin, Guangdong Province have been obtained by ion micro-probe. δD and H contents are constant both among different samples and within single sample, demonstrating that their formation condition is very stable. High δD values suggest the presence of a component recycled from crust which is possibly related to the subduction of Pacific Plate beneath Eurasian Plate in Mesozoic.     

铅酸电池电解液添加剂GAT研究

通过恒电流放电曲线的测定,研究共晶型电解液添加剂ＧＡＴ的添加量对铅酸电池大电流（１１Ａ）放电性能的影响。并用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了负极片的表面形貌,初步探讨了添加剂的可能作用机理。结果表明：加入５～１０ｇ／Ｌ的ＧＡＴ,电池的循环寿命延长了６１％～７６％。     

H~ 和SO_4~(2-)离子对PbO_2电极上ClO_4~-阳极形成过程的影响

用分解极化曲线法研究了Ｈ＋和ＳＯ２－４离子对ＰｂＯ２电极上Ｏ２和ＣｌＯ－４阳极形成过程的影响．分解得到的稳态极化曲线φ～ｌｇｉＣｌＯ－４和φ～ｌｇｉＯ２上均有一电位突跃;在２５℃下前一突跃发生在１．９～２．０Ｖ;后一突跃发生在２．０５～２．１５Ｖ左右．两者在突跃区前后的Ｔａｆｅｌ斜率均接近于２．３０３ＲＴ／βＦ（其中β约为０．５１～０．５４）．在突跃前当［Ｈ＋］减小时,使ＣｌＯ－４形成或氧的析出过程均加速,同时使开始发生电位突跃的电流密度（ｃ．ｄ．）向高ｃ．ｄ．方向推移．在高氯酸溶液中当［Ｈ＋］增加时,对Ｏ２析出过程几乎没有影响,但对突跃后的ＣｌＯ－４阳极形成具有加速作用．ＳＯ２－４对ＣｌＯ－４形成和Ｏ２的析出均有阻滞作用,但对前者的阻滞作用要大于对后者的阻滞作用,因而使ＣｌＯ－４的电流效率下降