羊肚菌菌丝体对镉、铅及其复合污染的生长与富集响应

在平板培养条件下,研究了镉、铅及其复合污染对羊肚菌菌丝体生长的影响,并建立了羊肚菌菌丝体对生长基质中镉、铅生物富集的方法.Cd浓度为0-2mg/L范围内对羊肚菌菌丝体的生长具有刺激作用,Cd Pb浓度为2 80mg/L时气生菌丝很浓密,然后生长势减弱.Cd Pb浓度在8 320-32 1280mg/L范围内,Cd、Pb复合污染的协同作用导致菌丝体干重急剧降低.羊肚菌菌丝体对Cd、Pb均具有生物富集作用,并且随着重金属浓度的增大菌丝体中重金属含量逐渐增大,初步认为在Cd、Pb复合污染条件下,促进了羊肚菌菌丝体对Pb的吸收而抑制了对Cd的吸收.     

教为不需教

我们教学的首要任务是让学生懂得怎样获取知识,怎样创新,以达到不需教的目的.特别是作为一切造型艺术基础的素描教学,更应达到不需教的境界.在素描教学中,源于自然、洞察自然是不需教的前提;学会观察、培养表现能力是不需教的基础;相机诱导、领悟和创造之源广开是不需教的动力.     

天津地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征及影响因素研究

依据国际原子能机构(IAEA)提供的天津地区1988~2001月降雨和同位素资料,分析了该地区大气降水的稳定同位素的组成和变化以及主要影响因素.天津大气降水线与我国东部季风区的局地大气降水线方程较为接近.大气降水同位素组成变化中的温度和降水效应较小,主要受季风以及季节水汽来源不同的影响,有显著的季节效应.     

锆钛酸铅多晶材料的FR（LT）—FR（HT）相变及其热释电性质

本文研究了用共沉淀技术制备的PZT四种菱方相组分的均匀单相多晶体的介电特性和热释电特性。实验发现。菱方—菱方相变点的极化强度的异常变化是材料组成的函数。从组成PZT90/10和PZT94/6多晶体样品上可观察到介电系数、极化强度和热释电系数随温度发生的异常变化。但对于菱方组分PZT60/40和70/30却只能观察到热释电性质的异常变化。该二组分多晶体的相转变温度范围十分宽。文中引进铁电唯象理论描述了F_(R(LT))—F_(R(HT))相变行为。     

Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.     

Carbon isotopic compositions of pore and matrix carbonates in carbonate nodules, and origin of carbonate formation

Carbon isotopes of pedogenic carbonate are often used to study paleoenvironments, but the existence of detrital carbonate changes the carbon isotopic composition. To develop an experimental method to determine existence of detrital carbonate in carbonate nodules, and to avoid it during isotope analysis, 23 pedogenic carbonate nodules in Miocene loess from the Loess Plateau of China were studied through micromorphology and carbon isotope analysis. The difference in carbon isotopic composition between matrix carbonate (B) and pore carbonate (A) (δ¹³C_(B-A)) ranges from 0.27‰ to 0.44‰ in nodules containing detrital carbonate and –0.16‰ to 0.13‰ in nodules where detrital carbonate is absent. The latter is within measurement error, but the former is beyond it. Here we propose an isotopic approach to determine if nodules contain detrital carbonate: if δ¹³C_(B-A) is within the measurement error, the nodules do not contain detrital carbonate, and vice versa. We suggest that it is better to analyze pore carbonate instead of matrix carbonate when using carbon isotope of carbonate nodules to reconstruct paleoenvironments.     

铅的危害及排除初探

水质与土壤富集的铅可以通过食物链影响人的身体健康。本文对铅的富集作用及影响进行了阐述,并对除铅现状进行了分析,通过研究我们提出了防御措施,以减少铅对人们的危害。     

Referential significance of sulfur isotopes and separation of S species in black shales of Southwest China

The states of S species in black shales are very complex, such as organic sulfur, pyrite sulfur and sulphate sulfur. The mineral microtexture, sulfur content and sulfur isotope can indicate the formation conditions and diagenetic processes of the black shales. The S species are separated perfectly and the relation between the content, mineral microtexture and sulfur isotope composition of the sulfur mineral is assessed. These complementary approaches provide people a new insight into the formation conditions of the black shales and redox conditions of Precambrian and Cambrian in Southwest China.     

锌冶炼中酸浸渣的锌铅分离

研究了含亮铅锌矿经沸腾炉焙烧的挥发氧化物酸浸处理的浸渣的锌、铅分离，使用添加剂ＬＨＹ后，常压下用硫酸浸取，在实验条件下，锌的浸取率达９８％以上，而铅仍以硫酸铅的形式留在浸渣中，从而有效地将锌、铅分离，而其中稀有元素铟的浸出率也较高。     

痕量铅的液膜分离富集与火焰原子吸收光谱法的测定

本文建立了一种新型分离富集水溶液中痕量铅 ( )的方法 -准液膜法 ,用 P2 0 4 迁移 Pb2 +离子 ,用 H2 SO4解吸 Pb2 +离子 ,迁移与解吸同步进行 ,在最佳液膜体系及操作条件下 ,铅的回收率可达 90 %以上 ,利用此方法可降低火焰原子吸收光谱法的下限