教为不需教

我们教学的首要任务是让学生懂得怎样获取知识,怎样创新,以达到不需教的目的.特别是作为一切造型艺术基础的素描教学,更应达到不需教的境界.在素描教学中,源于自然、洞察自然是不需教的前提;学会观察、培养表现能力是不需教的基础;相机诱导、领悟和创造之源广开是不需教的动力.     

铅对油菜萌发早期幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响

用溶液培养的方法,研究了不同浓度的铅对油菜种子萌发早期的幼苗生长状况及油菜芽超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.实验结果表明,随着铅离子浓度的增加油菜幼苗根长、芽长、组织含水量明显下降,SOD、POD、CAT的活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,MDA的含量增加.     

某硫化铅锌矿矿石浮选工艺流程的改进

改进了青山铅锌矿床硫化铅锌矿石锌精矿的浮选工艺流程,指出改变流程内部结构是提高锌精矿品位和回收率的有效途径并予实现。与原流程相比,锌的回收率由原来的68．71％提高到91．59％,锌精矿品位由50．72％提高到61．03％,铅回收率由73．29％提高到83．80％,药剂用量总体减少了21％。     

二维无碰撞离子引出过程的数值模拟

利用流体理论电子平衡模型，对二维不考虑带电粒子碰撞的激光分离同位素（ＡＶＬＩＳ）离子引出过程进行了数值模拟，包括对不同收集方式进行了模拟和对比，研究了离子引出过程中的物理机理及物理量的空间分布特点，表明等离子体电位略高于阳极电位，并在离子引出过程中基本保持不变；电子温度越高等离子体电位越高，离子引出时间越短；对称收集方式的离子引出时间短且离子逃逸量也少。     

影响铅同富里酸络合容量测定的因素

对内蒙古地区天然水中有机配体与铅的表观络合容量（Ｃ．Ｃ）进行了阳极溶出伏安法（ＡＳＶ）测定,并计算总条件稳定常数（Ｋ）和络合容量指数（Ｉ）;对电极的互性关系和重现性,络合平衡时间、ｐＨ等因素做了半定量讨论。     

Osmium isotope determination on mantle-derived peridotite xenoliths from Panshishan with N-TIMS

The¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios of spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Panshishan determined with N-TIMS are lower than that of the primitive mantle, which shows depleted mantle characteristics. Their positive correlation with Al₂O₃/MgO suggests that the geochemical behavior of trace elements Re and Os is similar to that of Al₂O₃ and MgO respectively during the magmatic evolution and Re-Os isotopic system is largely immune to mantle metasomatism. A model age of 2.8–3.4 Ga obtained by¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os-Al₂O₃/ MgO correlation might represent the homogeneous age of the mantle lithosphere beneath the area.     

代森铵对重金属铅镉在三峡库区消落带土壤中吸附-解吸的影响

为掌握农药代森铵存在时,三峡库区消落带土壤吸附-解吸铅镉离子的行为,采用振荡平衡法,研究了代森类农药种类、代森铵浓度、重金属离子浓度、电解质离子强度的影响.结果表明:常见代森类农药能提高土壤铅离子的吸附量,增强吸附顺序是代森锰锌>代森铵>代森锌; 农药种类能减少土壤对镉离子的吸附量,抑制吸附顺序是代森锌>代森铵>代森锰锌; 代森类农药能促进土壤解吸铅镉离子.土壤对铅离子的吸附量随代森铵浓度增加呈现先增加后减少,土壤对镉离子的吸附量随代森铵浓度增加而有所增加; 土壤对铅离子的解吸量随着代森铵浓度增加而降低,镉离子的解吸量反而增加.代森铵存在时,土壤对铅镉离子的吸附量和解吸量随铅镉离子浓度的增加而增加; 土壤对铅离子的吸附量随着电解质离子强度增加而降低,土壤对镉离子的吸附量正好相反,增加电解质离子强度,土壤对铅镉离子的解吸量逐渐增加.     

Carbon isotopic compositions of pore and matrix carbonates in carbonate nodules, and origin of carbonate formation

Carbon isotopes of pedogenic carbonate are often used to study paleoenvironments, but the existence of detrital carbonate changes the carbon isotopic composition. To develop an experimental method to determine existence of detrital carbonate in carbonate nodules, and to avoid it during isotope analysis, 23 pedogenic carbonate nodules in Miocene loess from the Loess Plateau of China were studied through micromorphology and carbon isotope analysis. The difference in carbon isotopic composition between matrix carbonate (B) and pore carbonate (A) (δ¹³C_(B-A)) ranges from 0.27‰ to 0.44‰ in nodules containing detrital carbonate and –0.16‰ to 0.13‰ in nodules where detrital carbonate is absent. The latter is within measurement error, but the former is beyond it. Here we propose an isotopic approach to determine if nodules contain detrital carbonate: if δ¹³C_(B-A) is within the measurement error, the nodules do not contain detrital carbonate, and vice versa. We suggest that it is better to analyze pore carbonate instead of matrix carbonate when using carbon isotope of carbonate nodules to reconstruct paleoenvironments.     

利用ICP—AES法测定中药材中铅、镉、铜含量的研究

建立了利用ICP—AES测定中药材中重金属元素铅、镉、铜的轴向观测方法,对轴向观测和横向观测的精密度结果和样品测定结果进行了比较。结果表明,采用轴向观测方式测得Pb、cd、cu的检出限（Ct．）分别为3．1ng·mL^-1、0．4ng·mL^-1、1．7ng·mL^-1;相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5％;平均加标回收率分别为102．3％、101．8％、101．1％。轴向观测方式能满足中药材中铅镉铜的检测要求,横向观测方式不符合要求。     

斜齿圆柱齿轮螺旋角的测绘方法

分析齿轮主要参数,提出用测量跨棒(球)距和公法线长度计算斜齿圆柱齿轮螺旋角的测绘方法,并推导出螺旋角的计算公式。该方法经过多次实际验证,误差较小。