吉林西部盐碱区农田土壤盐碱程度与碳的稳定同位素比值的关系

为了探讨农田土壤盐碱程度对土壤碳固定和碳排放的影响,选取吉林西部不同开发年限的盐碱旱田、水田为研究对象,进行野外采样和实验测量。测定土壤盐碱程度的基本理化指标:土壤pH、电导率和碱化度;同时测定土壤有机碳和无机碳的稳定碳同位素比值。研究结果表明,旱田土壤整体盐碱程度较高、固碳水平较低,土壤-大气碳循环较慢。随开发年限的增加,盐碱程度没有显著降低;而水田土壤盐碱程度相对较低,固碳水平较高,促进了土壤-大气碳循环。随开发年限的增加,土壤盐碱程度得以改善,土壤固碳水平提高。总体而言,玉米的种植无法较为有效地改善土壤盐碱程度和土壤碳的固定,而水稻的种植则可以改善土壤条件,有利于土壤对碳的固定从而降低碳排放。在全球温室效应大环境下,研究区应大力关注水稻种植产业的发展,改造盐碱土壤,为减缓区域变暖做出一定贡献。     

Grenvillian orogeny in the Southern Cathaysia Block: Constraints from U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircon from metamorphic basement

Metamorphic basement rocks in the Cathaysia Block are composed mainly of meta-sediments with different ages. New zircon U-Pb geochronological results from the meta-sedimentary rocks exposed in the Zengcheng and Hezi areas, southern Cathaysia Block, show that they consist dominantly of early Neoproterozoic （1.0-0.9 Ga） materials with minor Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic and late Neoproterozoic （0.8-0.6 Ga） components, suggesting that the detritus mostly come from a Grenvillian orogen. The youngest detrital zircon ages place a constraint on the deposition time of these sediments in Late Neoproterozoic. Zircon Hf isotopic compositions indicate that the Grenvillian zircons were derived from the reworking of Mesoproterozoic arc magmatic rocks and Paleoproterozoic continental crust, implying an arc-continent collisional setting. Single-peak age spectra and the presence of abundant euhedral Grenvillian zircons suggest that the sedimentary provenance is not far away from the sample location. Thus, the Grenvillian orogen probably preexisted along the southern margin of the Cathaysia Block, or very close to the south. Similarity in the ages of Grenvillian orogeny and the influence of the assembly of Gondwana in South China with India and East Antarctic are discussed, with suggestion that South China was more likely linked with the India-East Antarctica continents in Early Neoproterozoic rather than between western Laurentia and eastern Australia.     

Transmission of oxygen isotope signals of precipitation-soil water-drip water and its implications in Liangfeng Cave of Guizhou,China

According to systemically monitoring results of oxygen （hydrogen） isotope compositions of precipitation, soil waters, soil CO2, cave drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in Liangfeng Cave （LFC） in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, it is found that local precipitation is the main source of soil waters and drip waters, and that the amplitudes of those δ18O values of three waters （precipitation, soil water and drip water） decrease in turn in the observed year, which are 0‰ to -10‰, -2‰ to -9‰ and -6‰ to -8‰, respectively. Moreover, the δ18O values for three waters show a roughly simultaneous variation, namely, that those values are lighter in the rainy seasons, weightier in the dry seasons, and that the average δ18O value of drip waters is about 0.3‰ weightier than that of precipitation, which is modified by surface evaporation processes. We also find that oxygen isotope equilibrium is reached or neared in the formation processes of speleothems in LFC system, and that it is feasible to reconstruct paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation by using δ18O values of speleothems. However, it should be noted that surface evaporation would affect the oxygen isotope values in the study area.     

PbO过量对大各向异性改性PbTiO_3性能的影响

研究了一种新型的具有大各向异性的改性PbTiO3 陶瓷材料的性能随着材料制备中铅过量的变化而变化的关系 ,其中包括材料的机电耦合系数、机械品质因素、介电损耗等 .研究结果表明当铅过量为 1%～ 2 % (摩尔百分比 )时 ,材料的性能达到较佳 .通过分析认为 :当铅不足时 ,主要是由其它的B位掺杂离子取代A位的铅 ,从而造成配方B位离子的重新排列 ,材料的性能因而有所下降 ;当铅过量时 ,铅离子将取代A位的钙 ,部分钙离子将进入晶界 ,从而降低了材料的性能     

SO_4~（2－）电化学传感器的研制与应用

以金属铅为基体电极，用电化学氧化手段修饰铅电极表面，制备了铅基ＰｂＳＯ４化学修饰的电极。实验表明，该修饰电极在选定条件下，对ＳＯ离子有近似能斯特响应，是一种的ＳＯ电化学传感器，并将该电极用于水泥试样中ＳＯ３的测定。     

浅谈在武术教学中讲解、示范和领做

由于武术教学大部分以套路形式出现，动作变化大，对教师的讲、示范和领做提出更高的要求，特别是能结合示范动作的讲解，并能结合讲解的领做，在教学中更为重要。     

铅锌矿采矿废物污染对土壤原生动物的影响

对甘肃省成县王家山严家沟铅锌矿采矿废物污染土壤及对照土壤中的原生动物进行了研究。结果表明，铅锌矿采矿废物污染对原生动物群落有很大影响，主要体现在物种多样性十分显著地下降，群落组成和结构发生巨大变化，污染土壤和土壤群落的优势类群和优势种不同。根据研究结果，腐生波豆虫（Bodo putrinus)和梅氏扁豆虫（Phacodinium metchnico ffi)可作为铅锌类污染土壤环境的指示种类。     

激光原子法同位素分离中三维原子分布函数的计算

在激光同位素分离中 ,激光作用区内原子的密度和速度分布对分离过程有重要影响。目前 ,理论上对这个问题的研究还都限于二维情形。该文根据激光同位素分离装置中激光作用区原子密度较低的特点 ,在忽略原子碰撞的条件下给出了一种计算三维空间内原子速度分布函数的方法。利用该方法对小尺度蒸发实验进行计算所获得的结果在定性和定量上都与实验测量符合的很好。     

光亮铅—锡合金电镀

光亮Pb-Sn合金电镀液系采用K_4P_2O_7作为Sn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的主络合剂,NTA为辅助络合剂,以DTL-1和DTL-2作为光亮添加剂,在pH为7～8,液温为40～50℃,阴极电流密度在1.5 A/dm~2左右,以铅锡合金板作为阳极的条件下施镀,可得含Ph 40%、含锡60%左右的全光亮合金镀层.另外,文中还对赫尔槽试片的特性、极化曲线的测量、镀液的组成及作用机理等作了探讨。