高铟闪锌矿在氧压酸浸中铟浸出动力学的研究

铟是一种重要的多用途战略金属,具有较高的工业应用价值,但无独立可供开采的矿床,常伴生于铅锌等硫化矿中.因此,本文在传统电加热条件下进行了高铟闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中铟浸出动力学实验的研究.结果表明:采用“有固态产物层的液-固相浸出反应动力学模型”对铟浸出动力学进行了研究,可知其浸出速率受到界面化学反应控制,其表观活化能为69.735kJ/mol,以及高铟闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中铟浸出率随粒度减小、初始酸度增大、氧分压增大、浸出温度增大而增大.     

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.     

搅拌磨超细粉磨金精矿工艺的优化

研究了搅拌磨超细粉磨金精矿的工艺,考察了主要参数对粉磨效果的影响.结果表明,通过优化磨矿过程中各种影响因素,可以获得细度-20μm＞99%的金精矿产品.     

微咸水淋洗改良对盐碱化旱田豇豆产量及性状影响

松嫩平原西部有苏打盐碱化土地面积373万hm2,其中除了盐碱化草地与碱斑地、盐碱湿地、低洼易涝盐碱地外,约有25%的盐碱低产旱田[1]由于尚无更有效的盐碱化旱田改良利用方法,目前只能种植耐盐碱性较强、耗地力、低效益的向日葵,轻度盐碱地虽能种植甜菜、高梁、糜子及玉米等,但是产量和效益均较低。为此,试验采用本地区20m~30m深具有较好渗透性的微咸水(矿化度1g/L~3g/L)进行豇豆田淋洗灌溉[2-5],进一步探讨微咸水淋洗灌溉对豇豆产量和相关性状的影响,以提供盐碱化旱田改良及高效利用的方法和依据。图1,表2,参5。     

Dissolution behavior and dissolution mechanism of palygorskite in HCl solution

The 1 mol/L, 3 mol/L and 5 mol/L HCl solutions were employed to leach two palygorskites with different trioctahedral contents in their crystal structure for different period of time. The results of the dissolution experiments show that the dissolution process could be divided into three steps, and that this dissolution behavior can be attributed to its higher Mg2+ content, and is restricted by the extraction behavior of Si4+. The preferential extraction for Mg2+ promotes the extraction behavior of Si4+ from Si-O framework. Because the Si4+ in the form of amorphous SiO2 is adsorbed onto the surface of palygorskite fibre, the reaction between palygorskite and acid is obstructed. With the elapsing of time, or the increasing of the acid concentration, the amorphous SiO2 flocculates, and then the channels of chemical reaction are reopened. The ratio value of Mg2+/(Fe3++Al3+) in leaching solution tends to a fixed value, showing that the acid attacks not only the surface but also the structural channels. There are no obvious three steps observed during the acid attack on the palygorskite with a lower trioctahedral content. The differential behavior for two palygorskites is discussed.     

SO_2法浸出锰矿石中的有价元素

在小型浮选槽和3连圆底烧瓶浸出实验的基础上,在实验型空气搅拌浸出槽中进行了用SO_2浸出东湘桥地区氧化锰矿石2kg的实验。取得了良好的、与小型实验相符的实验结果。Mn、Co、Ni的平均浸出率分别为94.80％、89.70％和81.50％。尾气中SO_2浓度可以降低到0.01％以下,符合排放标准。     

冶金级硅酸洗提纯研究

冶金工艺被认为是非常有前途的一种有别于传统的西门子工艺而且能够满足市场对太阳能级硅需求的工艺.冶金级硅的预处理是冶金提纯工艺路径中非常重要的一个环节,因为酸洗可以有效地去除硅中的金属杂质例如铝、铁和钙等.通过系统性的对比试验对酸洗工艺去除硅中杂质的效果进行了详细的研究,分别探讨了酸的种类、酸的浓度、酸洗时间、酸洗温度以及硅粉颗粒粒径对杂质去除效率的影响.研究结果表明最佳的酸洗工艺参数为15%的盐酸,80℃,10h和100μm.在最佳酸洗工艺参数条件下金属杂质铝、铁和钙的去除率分别为70.90%、94.82%和82.69%.     

酸碱淋溶对尾矿砂含水率和重金属含量的影响

为研究酸碱溶液对尾矿砂含水率和重金属含量的影响,采用室内土柱动态淋溶的方法,对采自阜新同乃矿尾矿坝的尾矿进行实验,测得不同pH溶液动态淋溶后的尾矿砂含水率,并应用火焰原子吸收光谱法,测出尾矿砂中6种重金属元素在淋溶后的含量,结果表明:①经酸碱溶液淋溶后尾矿砂土体的含水率出现增加的现象;②淋溶液pH从4增加到7时,Cu和Cr的含量逐渐减少,淋溶液pH从7增加到10时,Cu和Cr的含量逐渐增加;相反Mn和Ni的含量先随pH的增加而增加,在pH大于8和8.5左右开始降低;Fe含量出现略微减少的趋势;Cd含量在淋溶液pH 4～6.5范围内逐渐增加,而后含量降低。文中淋溶液选择的是酸碱溶液而不是纯净水,所以用此结果描述尾矿库的环境和安全情况更具有实际意义。     

蛇纹石型红土矿常压酸浸实验研究

主要探讨了常压下盐酸对蛇纹石型红土镍矿进行浸出的工艺条件。考察了酸矿比、液固比、反应温度、反应时间等对蛇纹石型红土镍矿浸出的影响。通过实验得出最佳工艺条件:酸矿比为2.5∶1、液固比为5∶1、反应时间为0.5 h、反应温度为100℃。在此条件下镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为100%、100%和90%。     

表面活性剂MES协同硫酸对含铀废渣中铀的浸出动力学

表面活性剂MES能促进硫酸对铀的浸出,利于铀资源的回收利用。为了进一步探索表面活性剂MES促进铀浸出的机理,基于液-固多相反应的收缩核模型,通过静态实验研究了表面活性剂协助硫酸对铀废渣中铀浸出的动力学特征。研究结果表明添加MES表观反应速率常数比没有添加的大一个数量级,其中,添加MES的反应速率常数在1.235×10~(-6)~2.726×10~(-6)之间,而没有添加MES的在6.789×10~(-7)~9.55×10~(-7)之间,其表观活化能,添加MES的为29.523 k J/mol,不添加的为12.493 k J/mol,在25~45℃的温度范围内,硫酸对铀的浸出主要受液膜扩散控制。