Axonal transport of neurofilaments in normal and disease states

Neurofilaments are among the most abundant organelles in neurones. They are synthesised in cell bodies and then transported into and through axons by a process termed 'slow axonal transport' at a rate that is distinct from that driven by conventional fast motors. Several recent studies have now demonstrated that this slow rate of transport is actually the consequence of conventional fast rates of movement that are interrupted by extended pausing. At any one time, most neurofilaments are thus stationary. Accumulations of neurofilaments are a pathological feature of several human neurodegenerative diseases suggesting that neurofilament transport is disrupted in disease states. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of neurofilament transport in both normal and disease states. Increasing evidence suggests that phosphorylation of neurofilaments is a mechanism for regulating their transport properties, possibly by promoting their detachment from the motor(s). In some neurodegenerative diseases, signal transduction mechanisms involving neurofilament kinases and phosphatases may be perturbed leading to disruption of transport. Received 11 July 2001; received after revision 30 August 2001; accepted 31 August 2001     

水泥搅拌桩重力式挡墙墙顶水平位移影响因素分析

分别采用弹性地基"m"法和快速拉格朗日有限差分法,分析了基坑边坡水泥搅拌桩重力式挡墙墙宽及其嵌固深度对挡墙墙顶水平位移的影响,同时,与某工程实测数据进行了对比.结果表明,采用这两种方法估算水泥搅拌桩重力式挡墙墙顶水平位移都是可行的.     

基于法向力活动轮廓模型的医学图像分割

提出法向力活动轮廓模型并应用到医学图像分割中，实验结果表明该模型能扩大初始轮廓曲线收敛范围，正确分割侧脑室图像．而且，初始轮廓曲线愈接近目标真实边界，迭代次数愈少，分割速度愈快．     

底部框架一抗震墙房屋过渡层刚度计算统一公式

过渡层抗震墙侧移刚度的计算较复杂．在理论分析的基础上，推导了无洞口墙、小开口墙、有洞口墙和带构造柱砖墙侧移刚度的统一计算公式，该公式简单、方便、实用．     

固定式刚性联轴器不对中弯扭耦合振动特性

以水轮发电机组固定式刚性联轴器平行不对中故障为研究对象,从动力学角度推导不对中机理,建立平行不对中弯扭耦合振动微分方程.基于该微分方程,理论上分析了弯振、扭振之间的相互影响;从转速、质量偏心、不对中量和阻尼系数等几方面进行弯扭耦合振动数值仿真.仿真计算表明:弯振与扭振通过固结于转子的偏心质量相互耦合;弯振主要包含工频成分,不对中越严重,工频所占比例越大.扭振包括极大的直流分量和少量倍频成分,过大的直流分量对机组安全不利.     

Growth of decagonal quasicrystal phase in laser resolidified Al72Ni12Co16

An ultra-high temperature gradient directional solidification process produced by a widened laser beam was adopted to achieve the directionally solidified microstructure of the stable decagonal quasicrystal phase in Al72Ni12Co16 alloy. X-ray, SEM, TEM and optical microscopy techniques were used to investigate the microstructures and identify the phase. The directionally solidified decagonal quasicrystal showed the facet morphology and grew in lateral growth mode. The unusual periodic and quasiperiodic atomic structures of the decagonal quasicrystal and the epitaxial growth in the melt pool were considered to be the key factors influencing the growth morphology. The experimental results were consistent with the Toner's theoretical atomistic growth model.     

变幅杆横向振动的频率修正

在变幅杆有径向动能的情况下,运用能量法,给出考虑横向效应后变幅杆谐振频率的计算公式,计算结果与实验值吻合较好。     

波浪计算中的一个局部变分法

本文提出了一个改进的局部变分法以计算波浪绕流问题，和已有的局部变分法相比，不增加新的未知量且易于编制计算机程序．     

有限变形圆柱壳结构的运动学方程

以有限变形连续体的最小加速度原理为基础，导出了在任意位置受到横向集中动力载荷作用下的闭合圆柱壳的有限变形运动方程，该方程反映了膜力效应和转动惯性效应；推导过程直接、简便、不易出错，同时指出，所得到的控制方程对于描述有限变形的冲击动力学问题是适宜的。     

旋转体侧面积计算的一般公式

本文给出闭区间上光滑曲线绕任一直线旋转所产生的旋转体的侧面积的一个方便实用的计算公式．