重载货车挂档下坡速度变化特征仿真

为提高长大下坡道路大型车辆行车安全,建立了重载货车整车模型和道路模型,分析了载重量、挂档档位、路面坡度与挂档车速之间的关联和影响,探讨了挂档车速的波动特性及挂档机理,得到了不同坡度各档位挂档车速变化范围,提出了在挂档决策基础上结合驾驶人操纵行为特征谱的新型仿真模式。仿真结果表明:在挂档决策基础上结合驾驶人操纵行为特征谱分析长大下坡车辆行驶安全更具可靠性,从而为驾驶人挂档决策、道路行驶安全研究提供依据。     

高地应力破碎围岩隧道变形受力特征试验研究

高地应力破碎围岩地层在开挖隧道过程中极易发生大变形、钢架扭曲、局部垮塌等灾害。以天平铁路关山隧道为依托,通过监测两个试验段内的围岩压力、初期支护受力与变形、二次衬砌混凝土应力的分布特征,来探讨高地应力破碎围岩地层中不同断面形式和支护参数情况下隧道支护结构的变形与受力特征。结果表明:在以水平地应力为主的破碎围岩地层中,隧道开挖引起的变形以边墙水平收敛为主,拱顶沉降次之;高边墙小曲率断面形式的单线铁路隧道受力和变形均较大,而增大边墙曲率可有效抑制隧道开挖引起的变形,使支护结构受力更为均匀,受力状态明显改善。研究可为高地应力破碎围岩地层中隧道设计提供一定的参考。     

油气管道涡流变形检测探头研制

针对传统的管道变形内检测探头环向检测面积较小的问题,在磁旋转编码检测技术的基础上,结合电涡流检测技术,研制了一种涡流变形内检测探头。文中首先介绍了电涡流管道变形检测的理论基础,设计了管道涡流变形检测探头的机械结构及电路系统,利用有限元方法得到探头与被测件距离d的增加引起传感器输出电压峰值信号呈现非线性减小的变化规律,同时研究了激励信号峰值和激励线圈内径变化对d值检测的影响。后进行实验验证,结果表明基于电涡流检测技术的管道变形检测具有可行性,实验测量精度达到1mm。该检测探头的研制对于提高管道变形内检测环向检测精度、降低检测成本具有一定的意义。     

瓦雷兹芽孢杆菌FZB42菌株拮抗两种树木病原真菌及其机理研究

镰刀菌和交链孢菌是导致树木病害的两种常见病原真菌,常导致苗圃植物严重的危害和经济损失。瓦雷兹芽孢杆菌FZB42菌株具有高效生防性能和植物促生活性,为进一步探明该菌株的生防机理,首先测试了FZB42对镰刀菌和交链孢菌的抑制效果。在了解该菌株抑制作用的基础上,进一步构建质粒,通过同源重组的方式构建了FZB42的3个抗生素合成缺损菌株(ΔbmyA,ΔfenA、ΔbmyAΔfenA)。对这3个突变株进一步测试表明,FZB42合成的物质bacillomycin D和fengycin是抑制两种真菌生长的重要原因,且这两种物质的拮抗作用具有明显的协同强化效果。     

圆形土楼夯土结构性能的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,以福建龙岩的振成楼、承启楼等经典圆形土楼为原型,建立圆形土楼夯土结构模型.对土楼夯土墙体在静力荷载作用下的结构承载性能进行分析,通过改变土楼各尺寸参数,分析不同土楼夯土结构模型的受力及变形特征,得出影响受力变形规律特征的主要因素.结果表明:不论是在墙厚、直径还是墙高模拟中,应力、位移都不是单调变化的,有合理的取值区间.     

镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织与性能的影响

研究了镁元素对挤压高铝锌合金的组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明：与未加镁的合金相比,加入0.015%Mg,合金挤压态的抗拉强度从366 MPa提高到467 MPa、布氏硬度从HB91提高到HB114,伸长率从43.6%降低到27%;在320 ℃×2 h固溶处理水淬室温自然时效状态下,合金的抗拉强度从389 MPa提高到488 MPa,布氏硬度从HB107提高到HB139,伸长率从41%降低到28.3%;镁元素影响过饱和β相转变和分解产物形态,能阻碍合金的共析分解和室温时效脱溶析出。     

Hot deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing Nb and V

The flow curves of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) were obtained by hot compression deformation at temperatures ranging from 1000℃ to 1200℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.001 s-1 to 10 s-1. The mechanical behavior during hot deformation was discussed on the basis of flow curves and hot processing maps. The microstructures were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The relationship between deformation conditions and grain size after dynamic recrystallization was obtained. The results show that the flow stress and peak strain both increase with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The hot deformation activation energy is approximately 631 kJ/mol, and a hot deformation equation is proposed. (Nb,V)N precipitates with either round, square, or irregular shapes are observed at the grain boundaries and in the matrix after deformation. According to the discussion, the hot working should be processed in the temperature range of 1050℃ to 1150℃ and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1 s-1.     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌Δlip40回复突变株的构建及鉴定

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)可引起猪胸膜肺炎,在一定程度上阻碍了养猪业的发展.目前,APP基因组中已得到有效鉴定的基因不足10%.为建立有效的APP功能基因研究体系,本文以前期构建的血清1型APP SLW01株外膜脂蛋白基因缺失突变株Δlip40为亲本,通过电转化法将携带有完整lip40基因的穿梭质粒pJFF-lip40导入Δlip40中,通过氯霉素抗性筛选获得回复突变株CΔlip40.对CΔlip40的生物学特性进行了初步分析发现,穿梭质粒可在APP中稳定遗传,并且APP生长能力未受穿梭质粒转入的影响.此外,SLW01和Δlip40对氯霉素高度敏感,但回复突变株CΔlip40较前两种菌株对氯霉素抗性明显增强,表明穿梭质粒pJFF224-XN抗性基因可在APP菌株中稳定表达.回复突变株CΔlip40的成功构建为分析脂蛋白Lip40致病机制提供了有效对照材料,本研究中建立的互补菌株构建系统以及APP抗性评价方法将有助于今后深入研究APP生物学特性及基因功能.     

纤维增强聚合物加固带裂缝圆截面木梁的弯曲

对具有纵向贯穿裂缝圆截面木梁全贴纤维增强聚合物(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP) 布的弯曲加固效果进行了研究. 在组合梁小挠度变形的假定下, 建立了全贴FRP 布加固带纵向贯穿裂缝圆截面木梁弯曲变形的控制方程, 研究了自由端集中载荷作用下FRP 布加固圆木梁的弯曲行为, 并得到了问题的解析解, 分析了FRP 布模量和厚度、梁长细比以及裂缝宽度等因素对FRP 布加固木梁弯曲变形的影响. 数值结果表明, FRP 布加固木梁自由端挠度随FRP 布厚度、弹性模量和剪切模量的增加而减少, 且当FRP 布厚度和弹性模量增加到一定值时, 继续增加其厚度和弹性模量对圆木梁的加固作用已不明显; FRP 布的剪切模量对短粗木梁挠度的影响较大, 且当剪切模量较大时, FRP 布加固可完全消除裂缝因素的影响.     

Damage prediction of 7025 aluminum alloy during equal-channel angular pressing

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a prominent technique that imposes severe plastic deformation into materials to enhance their mechanical properties. In this research, experimental and numerical approaches were utilized to investigate the mechanical properties, strain behavior, and damage prediction of ECAPed 7025 aluminum alloy in various conditions, such as die channel angle, outer corner angle, and friction coefficient. Experimental results indicate that, after the first pass, the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness magnitude are improved by approximately 95%, 28%, and 48.5%, respectively, compared with the annealed state, mainly due to grain refinement during the deformation. Finite element analysis shows that the influence of die channel angle is more important than that of outer corner angle or friction coefficient on both the strain behavior and the damage prediction. Also, surface cracks are the main cause of damage during the ECAP process for every die channel angle except for 90°; however, the cracks initiated from the neighborhood of the central regions are the possible cause of damage in the ECAPed sample with the die channel angle of 90°.