试论乾隆帝对"国语骑射"之维护

清朝中叶,满洲人长期置身于汉地社会和都市生活环境的影响下,其“国语骑射”的本领在逐渐丧失。乾隆帝为挽救“国语骑射”而进行的种种努力仅收到一定成效。然而,正是在满洲统治者的一再宣谕倡导下,“国语骑射”深刻影响并规范着满洲人的日常生活与行为,进而成为满洲共同体的象征。     

Ordinary language philosophy,explanation, and the historical turn in philosophy of science

Taking a cue from remarks Thomas Kuhn makes in 1990 about the historical turn in philosophy of science, I examine the history of history and philosophy of science within parts of the British philosophical context in the 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, ordinary language philosophy's influence was at its peak. I argue that the ordinary language philosophers' methodological recommendation to analyze actual linguistic practice influences several prominent criticisms of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation and that these criticisms relate to the historical turn in philosophy of science. To show these connections, I primarily examine the work of Stephen Toulmin, who taught at Oxford from 1949 to 1954, and Michael Scriven, who completed a dissertation on explanation under Gilbert Ryle and R.B. Braithwaite in 1956. I also consider Mary Hesse's appeal to an ordinary language-influenced account of meaning in her account of the role of models and analogies in scientific reasoning, and W.H. Watson's Wittgensteinian philosophy of science, an early influence on Toulmin. I think there are two upshots to my historical sketch. First, it fills out details of the move away from logical positivism to more historical- and practice-focused philosophies of science. Second, questions about linguistic meaning and the proper targets and aims of philosophical analysis are part and parcel of the historical turn, as well as its reception. Looking at the philosophical background during which so-called linguistic philosophers also had a hand in bringing these questions to prominence helps us understand why.     

基于神经网络的图像描述方法研究

自动识别和描述图像的内容是人工智能中一个重要的研究方向,它涉及计算机视觉和自然语言处理技术。针对这一难题,提出了一种由深层神经网络模型生成自然语言句子来描述图像内容的方法。该方法提出的模型由卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Network,CNN)和循环神经网络(Recurrent Neural Network,RNN)组成,其中,CNN用来提取输入图像的特征生成固定长度的特征向量,该特征向量初始化RNN来生成句子。在MSCOCO图像描述数据集上的实验结果表明了该模型所生成句子的语法准确性和语义准确性,且优于先前的基线模型。     

A comparison of conditional predictive ability of implied volatility and realized measures in forecasting volatility

In a conditional predictive ability test framework, we investigate whether market factors influence the relative conditional predictive ability of realized measures (RMs) and implied volatility (IV), which is able to examine the asynchronism in their forecasting accuracy, and further analyze their unconditional forecasting performance for volatility forecast. Our results show that the asynchronism can be detected significantly and is strongly related to certain market factors, and the comparison between RMs and IV on average forecast performance is more efficient than previous studies. Finally, we use the factors to extend the empirical similarity (ES) approach for combination of forecasts derived from RMs and IV.     

Ni7Zr2非晶合金制备及其磁性能研究

采用行星式高能球磨机,通过在室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出Ni7Zr2非晶合金粉末.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究.结果发现球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌均存在显著影响.随着球磨时间的增加,Ni、Zr颗粒发生严重塑性变形,并且通过冷焊团聚起来,形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒.由于磨球的剧烈撞击,使得结构发生了严重的畸变,从而破坏了原有的有序结构而形成了无序结构.另外,在进一步球磨过程中,合金的晶粒不断减小,形成高体积分数的晶界,而金属粉末不断地发生塑性变形,形成了点缺陷、位错等高密度缺陷,晶格发生严重的畸变,晶体自由能也相应不断上升,最后产生了非晶转变.磁性能测量表明,该合金粉末具有较好的软磁性能.     

浅谈网络语言在词汇层面上的变异

随着网络在中国的迅猛发展,一种新的社会方言———网络语言兴起并蓬勃发展。互联网的出现对我们的生活产生了巨大影响。网络语言是广泛应用于虚拟世界的信息符号。网络语言与现实语言相比,它受现实语言的制约,同时又反作用于现实语言。本文试图从词汇层面对网络语言进行浅析。     

共享领导胜任力构念与测量

共享领导作为一种不同于传统垂直型领导的新型领导不断受到研究者的关注。来自团队成员的共享领导行为,不仅需要团队成员具有共享领导的意愿,更需要团队成员具有共享领导的能力。为此,基于国内外学者关于共享领导相关研究文献回顾及访谈研究,探讨了共享领导胜任力构念及测量。研究提出共享领导胜任力由参与能力、激励能力和影响能力三维度构成,并对共享领导胜任力测量的有效性进行检验。共享领导胜任力的研究对团队有效提升共享领导具有一定的实践意义。     

汉语阅读对英语阅读影响的研究

根据语言临界值假设以及语言相互依存假设设计了一项实证研究,数据分析表明,英语语言水平制约着汉语阅读能力的迁移,如果英语语言水平达到一定的临界值,汉语阅读能力向英语阅读迁移;在英语语言临界值中,英语词汇起着重要作用;推理和归纳等高层次的阅读技能受汉语阅读能力的影响最明显;而汉语阅读能力和技巧的不足也影响着正迁移过程,影响英语阅读能力的迅速提高。     

ANSYS网格划分技巧与网格信息提取技术

有限元软件ANSYS 在模型的网格划分方面功能非常强大.通过举例说明了如何用ANSYS 参数设计语言生成网格,并提供了相应的宏命令文件.随后,用Fortran 语言编写了将CDB 文本文件中的网格信息转换成自编程序可以识别的网格数据的Fortran 源程序.该程序适用于由SHELL93 单元所生成的网格.     

模糊综合评判法及其在人才选拔中的应用

将模糊数学的理论方法应用于学生能力的综合评判中,提出了一种人才能力量化的评判方法.通过实例说明该方法的可行性,为人才招聘与人才选拔提供一种新的方法.