花生壳生物质炭的响应面法优化制备及其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

为探究生物质炭用于重金属废水处理的效果,选用花生壳为原料,ZnCl₂为改性剂,采用响应面优化法,得出最优生物质炭的制备条件,并探究了不同单因素对花生壳生物质炭吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的效果.结果表明:处理含50 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液,花生壳生物质炭的最优制备条件为ZnCl₂改性剂浓度4 mol/L,炭烧温度500 ℃,炭烧时间3 h,单因素实验最佳反应条件为pH=2,投加量=50 mg,此时吸附率为93.72%,且温度越高越有利于吸附.等温吸附实验符合Langmuir模型,表明吸附过程以单分子层吸附为主,属于吸热反应;动力学符合准二级方程,吸附过程中以化学吸附为主.     

基于辐射噪声线谱削峰的双层加肋圆柱壳结构声学设计

为降低水下航行器辐射噪声线谱,提出了一种弱辐射双层加肋圆柱壳结构. 采用机械阻抗理论分析了环肋圆柱壳模态响应幅值控制机理;引入圆截面内运动假设,利用模态展开法推导了环肋径向机械阻抗表达式;基于阻抗失配、波形转换原理,设计了阻抗加强环肋模型,并利用波动理论分析了其隔振性能;考虑壳间托板的强耦合作用,对托板进行了阻波设计. 将阻抗增强肋骨和复合阻波托板联合应用到双层壳结构声学设计中,数值分析了设计前后双层壳振动与声辐射性能. 结果表明:提出的新型双层加肋圆柱壳能有效实现辐射噪声线谱削峰,振动均方速度、辐射声功率和辐射声压大幅降低,具有显著的减振降噪效果.      

What is the matter with Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Cyrenidiae)? Occurrence of unusual shell erosion in Northern Italy

ABSTRACT

Corbicula fluminea is a bivalve considered to be among the 100 worst invasive species in Europe due to its economic and ecological impacts in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we report for the first time a phenomenon of shell erosion observed in two distinct populations of C. fluminea collected in 2015 from two semi-natural small streams of the River Ticino hydrographic basin (Northern Italy). We measured several biometric variables in order to quantify the shell damage: length and thickness of the right valve and the shell free dry weight of each specimen and compared results with those of ‘normal’ populations from another stream of the same area. Our results confirmed that there was abnormal shell erosion and a reduction in shell thickness in both populations. We hypothesised several potential causes for the observed erosion, but none of them could provide sufficient explanation: neither the pH of the water, nor the level of calcium or total hardness of the water or granulometry of the substrates differed among streams. Similarly, predation pressure cannot be considered a reasonable explanation, since in the study area only a few animals actively prey on these bivalves and the marks they leave on the shells are completely different from the ones observed on our specimens. Lastly, we hypothesised that the bivalves may have been affected by a disease or parasitic infestation that had weakened their shells or prevented them from self-repairing and identified a fungal parasite that could possibly cause a disease to C. fluminea, namely the Ascomycota Geotrichum candidum. However, this species occurred only in one of the two abnormally eroded populations. In conclusion, a valid explanation for the morphological alteration that our study revealed has yet to be found.     

Description of rotational properties of the superheavy nucleus ^256,258,260Rf by projected shell model

Band structure of the Z = 104 nucleus 256Rf has been a recent research focus in nuclear physics. We performed projected shell model calculations for this and some other neighboring Rf isotopes. Specifically, we studied rotational properties of these nuclei and showed that variations in dynamic moment of inertia were sensitive to single-particle structures, which may be useful information for locating the anticipated island of stability. Electromagnetic transition properties were also calculated, and measurable quantities were predicted for further experimental test.     

超长双层网壳结构自振特性

对超长网壳结构同一面层的杆件进行不同数量的替换，通过结果的对比总结了替换数目对结构的影响，分析表明替换杆件的数量的增多能够提高地震控制的效果，但不是越多越好，要经过计算分析控制在一定的数量。     

一种基于声-地震耦合的室内声波探雷实验系统

为了研究声波探雷机理,设计了一个基于声-地震耦合原理的室内声波探雷实验系统.首先,简述声波探雷技术的基本原理;然后,详细介绍室内声波探雷实验系统的硬件组成及实验方案;最后,用一种反坦克塑料教练地雷进行实验,重点讨论实验系统的可重复性.实验结果显示,在相同实验条件下,测得的3条地表振动曲线基本重合,表明所设计的实验系统的可重复性良好,满足测试要求,可用于实验室条件下声波探雷机理的研究.     

黏弹性材料扁球壳轴对称弯曲分析

研究了承受均布荷载的粘弹性材料扁球壳的轴对称弯曲问题,利用弹性一粘弹性相应原理,求解了随时间变化的挠度和内力的解析解。     

网壳结构基于性能的动力失效判定准则

基于性能的设计思想,文章提出了一种网壳结构震后是否发生动力失效的判定准则。按常规设计的网壳结构遭遇地震后,保留残余应变的状态并作为初始状态重新进行常规设计,如果此时网壳结构已不能满足初始设计时所要求的各项性能,则认为网壳结构已发生动力失效;进而将网壳结构的动力失效形式分为Ⅱ类,该文提出的准则用于判定第Ⅱ类动力失效,称为第Ⅱ类失效准则;算例分析表明,该准则判别结果明确,便于工程实践的应用。     

贝壳韧带微结构的高分辨扫描电镜研究

采用高分辨SEM及XRD对合浦珠母贝韧带进行了研究,结果表明,合浦珠母贝韧带无机相主要由文石组成.韧带具有明显的层状结构,同一生长层及相隔生长层中文石纤维呈一致定向排列,而相邻生长层文石纤维的定向明显不同,呈“交叉棱柱层”结构样式.合浦珠母贝韧带中文石纤维的直径为80~90 nm,具有典型的2D光子晶体结构特征.     

汽车起重机驱动桥桥壳静态与模态分析

文章通过三维设计软件Pro/E对汽车起重机驱动桥桥壳进行三维建模,并将该三维模型与有限元分析软件Ansys无缝连接。对桥壳进行了静态分析和模态分析。其计算结果可为汽车起重机驱动桥桥壳的结构设计,优化和轻量化提供理论依据,具有较强的实际工程意义。