劳动经济学教学体会

结合从教经验,从多个方面阐述了如何将劳动经济学的教学过程变得更能为学生接受。     

论马克思的劳动休闲观

西方传统休闲哲学是“劳动——休闲”的二分模式，即将劳动与休闲对立起来。马克思以劳动为理论视角，认为思想史上这种将劳动与休闲对立起来的观念不过是社会现实生活中的异化劳动的反映。马克思认为，在人的类本质层面上，劳动和休闲是不可分割的两个维度，两者相互内蕴，但只有在彻底消解了异化劳动、建立共产主义的基础上，劳动和休闲才能达到真正的统一，其基本表征就是自由自觉的活动成为社会的普遍劳动形式。     

提高劳动者素质 迎接新世纪挑战

激烈的市场竞争，需要大批专业技术人才，面对我国劳动者素质普遍低下的现状，提出只有从转变思想观念，加强职业技能培训，健全激励机制等方面入手，才能全面提高劳动者素质。     

生产率管理系统模型及实践意义

提高生产率是工业工程追求的永无止境的目标。任何生产组织，要保证较好地实现这一目标，必须实用有效的生产率管理，建立促进生产率提高的能动的运行机制。本文着重讨论生产率管理概念、管理系统模型及运行过程，分析我国推行生产率管理的实践意义。     

Genotypic variation in foraging responses to environmental stimuli by honey bees,Apis mellifera

We experimentally tested a model predicting that colony-level genotypic diversity contributes to colonylevel foraging flexibility in honey bees. We established a colony into which we placed individually marked workers from three genetically distinct groups. The colony was placed in an enclosure that contained feeding stations with pollen and sugar syrup. Foraging resources, stores of pollen and the quantity of brood within the colony were varied temporally. Individual foragers switched between resource types in response to changes in relative resource quality and colony need, demonstrating flexibility in resource choice at the individual level. However, genetic groups within the colony varied in their tendency to collect pollen versus nectar, and in lability of response to changes in foraging stimuli. Our data suggest that within-colony genotypic diversity contributes to a resilient foraging response to environmental variation.     

论科技地理学

以马克思“科技生产力”学说为基础,分析现代科技的历史作用,初步建立科技地理学的理论;根据国民经济建设客观需要,给出科技地理学学科轮廓。     

Variety distribution pattern and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under climate change

This study was based on the daily meteorological data of 101 meteorological stations from 1971 to 2000 and the 0.25°×0.25° grid data from 1951 to 2100 simulated by RegCM3 under the future A1B climatic scenario published by National Climate Center,in combination with the demand of climatic condition for maize growth in Northeast China.The trajectory of agricultural climatic resources and the effects of climate change on variety distribution and climatic potential productivity of spring maize in Northeast China under future climate change were analyzed.The main agro-climatic resource factors include:the initial date daily average temperature stably passing 10℃(≥10℃),the first frost date,the days of growing period,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature,and the total radiation and precipitation in the growing period.The results showed that:(1) in the coming 100 years,the first date of ≥10℃ would be significantly advanced,and the first frost date would be delayed.The days of growing period would be extended,the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and the total radiation would be significantly increased.However,no significant change was found in precipitation.(2) Due to the climate change,the early-maturing varieties will be gradually replaced by late-maturing varieties in Northeast China,and the planting boundaries of several maize varieties would be extended northward and eastward.(3) There would be a significant change in the climatic potential productivity of maize in Northeast China with the high-value gradually moving towards northeast.(4) It was an effective way to increase the climatic potential productivity of maize by appropriate adjustment of sowing date.     

基于PSO-GACA的采煤机螺旋滚筒参数优化设计

为了改善滚筒采煤机的装煤性能、增加采煤机的块煤率、提高其产煤经济效益,以叶片外缘直径、内、外螺旋升角、滚筒转速和采煤机牵引速度为设计变量,选择装煤生产率最大和吨煤售价最高作为目标函数,建立了各种几何约束及性能约束,采用粒子群算法和蚁群算法的混合算法(PSO-GACA算法)对螺旋滚筒的参数进行优化设计。结果表明,在保证滚筒不发生堵塞、抛煤距离合理等条件下,优化后的采煤机装煤生产率提高14.5%,块煤率增加13.2%,吨煤售价可提高0.75%。     

中国交通运输业全要素生产率地区差异的实证研究

在构建1984—2010年中国30个省(区、市)交通运输业面板数据的基础上,同时采用LLC检验、IPS检验、Breiting检验、ADF-F检验和PP-F检验等方法对面板数据进行了单位根检验,采用EG两步法对变量之间的协整关系进行了检验.实证研究的检验结果表明,中国交通运输业的全要素生产率(TFP)存在明显的地区差异,地区间及地区内部资金、技术、劳动力等要素投入是引起差异的主要原因.运用σ收敛法考察了1984—2010年中国各地区交通运输业TFP的收敛性,检验表明,中国交通运输业TFP在三大区域之间和区域内部都存在发散的趋势.政府应注重交通运输业的规划、管理,通过适当的政策调节地区差距,鼓励地区间的学习、模仿和技术流动,以促进交通运输业在各地区的协调发展.     

步进梁式加热炉内布料间距的优化研究

采用辐射网络法推导了坯侧热流的有关表达式,分析了布料间距对加热时间以及炉子生产率的影响.在导出相对生产率解析表达式的基础上,采用求相对生产率极值的方法确定炉内坯料最佳间距,方法简单,便于实际应用.与前人的研究相比,本研究解除了料坯表面为黑体表面的假定,所以,导出的表达式更具一般意义.本研究成果对于钢坯或有色金属坯的步进梁式加热炉布料优化操作有参考价值.