New phytotoxic butenolides produced bySeiridium cardinale,the pathogen of cypress canker disease

Summary Two new butenolides, seiridin andiso-seiridin, were isolated from culture filtrates ofSeiridium cardinale, the pathogen of cypress canker, a destructive disease ofCupressus and relatedConiferae These metabolites were characterized as 3-methyl-4-(2-hydroxyheptyl)-2(5H)-furanone and its 4-(3-hydroxyheptyl) isomer, respectively. Chlorotic, and necrotic symptoms were produced on leaves of either host or non-host test plants by absorption of 0.3 mg/ml solutions of either compound. These also showed antibacterial activity.This study was supported in part by the National Research Council, Rome (special ad hoc project Chimica fine e secondaria) and in part by the Ministry of Education, Rome.     

The use of cyclophosphamide as an enhancer of the vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease

The immunization of biungulate animals with killed foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) requires periodic vaccinations due to a low vaccine immunogenicity. Therefore, FMDV antigens need to be combined with adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide, saponin or oil emulsions. Animal handling for periodic inoculations, and the repeated doses of vaccines that have to be administered increase the commercialization costs. Moreover, the use of adjuvants may induce adverse effects.In the present work we show that it is possible to increase the life span of neutralizing antibodies in serum when a single dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) is administered four days before vaccination with aluminum hydroxidesaponin FMDV vaccine.     

Application of EEG multipole model in the diagnosis of Alzheimer''''s disease

In order to find the electroencephalogram （EEG） characteristic parameters typical of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and explore an effective diagnostic method, a new mobile current multipole model was proposed to simulate the AD patient＇s cortical dipole source activities. The indicators of goodness of fit （GOF） and DtononD （DD） were calculated from EEG samples to evaluate the performance of this model. Relevant results showed that this multipole model with higher GOFvalues and larger DD change well fitted the pathological electrical activities of cortical neurons aroused by AD＇s extended sulcus and gyrus in the cerebral cortex. Meanwhile, the products of DD mean ＆ standard variance were found in a clear linear correlation with the diagnostic data of mini-mental state examination （MMSE） used in AD clinics. Furthermore, by tracing this multipole model＇s indicators in typical patients and contrasting with the functional magnetic resonance image （fMRI） as AD progressed, we suggested that the DD index may be suitable for monitoring the AD developments as a new diagnostic parameter.     

基于隐结构和网络药理学探讨泛血管疾病用药证型及作用机制

通过计算机技术探讨中医药治疗泛血管疾病的用药证型及可行性,为临床治疗及新药研发提供客观参考依据。检索《中华人民共和国药典》2020版治疗血管类疾病的中成药,进行数据分析;运用Lantern 5.0,进行隐结构分析,对所得Z5组药物进行网络药理学预测及分子对接验证。得到相关中成药79个,涉及中药156味,其中高频中药有丹参、川芎、三七等,功效以补虚药、活血化瘀药为主,以温性药最多,药味以甘、苦为主,入肝、心经;通过隐结构分析推测出常见证候有气虚血瘀、痰瘀阻络、阴阳两虚、阴虚血瘀、气滞血瘀5种。可见泛血管疾病总体是因虚致病,虚实夹杂,气虚血瘀,临床治疗以活血化瘀为主,随证配合补气行气、温阳滋阴、化痰等治法。通过网络药理学及分子对接发现Z5组药物可能通过主要活性成分槲皮素、黄芩素、山奈酚等,激活流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化、AGE-RAGE信号通路在糖尿病并发症中的作用、血脂和动脉粥样硬化等信号通路,作用于TNF、AKT1、PTGS2等靶点,干预炎症、细胞增殖和凋亡、脂质代谢等过程而发挥抗动脉粥样硬化作用,从而治疗泛血管疾病,说明通过计算机技术分析已有数据在探索治疗疾病上有其一定的有效性及可能性。     

A STAGE-STRUCTURED SI ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MODEL WITH TIME DELAY AND IMPULSIVE CONTROLLING*

This paper formulates a robust stage-structured SI eco-epidemiological model with periodic constant pulse releasing of infectious pests with pathogens. The authors show that the conditions for global attractivity of the ＇pest-eradication＇ periodic solution and permanence of the system depend on time delay, hence, the authors call it ＂profitless＂. Further, the authors present a pest management strategy in which the pest population is kept under the economic threshold level （ETL） when the pest population is uniformly persistent. By numerical analysis, the authors also show that constant maturation time delay for the susceptible pests and pulse releasing of the infectious pests can bring obvious effects on the dynamics of system.     

基于复杂行为响应的传染病爆发问题的研究

在小世界网络拓扑结构上,研究信息影响力、接种比例和个体间信息传播概率的变化,对传染病传播的影响。研究发现小世界强度减弱时,信息影响力对传染病爆发概率和爆发规模的影响作用发生了逆转;在个体间信息传播速率增加的过程中,传染病的爆发概率和爆发规模呈现上升的趋势。     

疾病基因网络的二分图投影分析

介绍了一种可揭示同一集合内部结点相互关系的二分网络投影方法,并运用此方法对基因疾病二分网络图做研究.通过遗传性疾病与致病基因的关联性来分析不同疾病之间隐含的相互关系,得出由相同的基因变异所引起的各种不同疾病之间存在着或多或少的联系,这些疾病比起毫无联系的疾病,其相互引发的概率也要大得多.此结论使我们能够更清楚地认识到遗传性疾病的发病机制,对疾病预防以及医疗诊断都有一定的参考价值.     

小世界网络V.S.均匀混合网络中的SIRS型传染病模型

在现实复杂情形下(包含非线性传染率、有隔离措施、群外个体迁入、生育与死亡以及疾病可水平和垂直传播等),比较研究小世界网络中的SIRS型传染病模型与均匀混合SIRS型传染病模型的疾病动态传播行为,以及相同疾病控制策略在两种传染病模型上的效果。数值仿真研究发现:1)动态行为特征仅与模型参数有关的均匀混合SIRS型传染病模型不能准确刻画小世界网络中的传染病传播行为。2)源于均匀混合SIRS型传染病模型的控制策略(如强化隔离染病个体、限制易感群体迁入、提高染病个体死亡率以及控制疾病垂直传播等)适用于控制小世界网络中的传染病,但效果有显著差异。3)小世界网络中的SIRS型传染病的控制策略中,存在一个最佳的染病个体死亡率阈值。     

甘肃太统-崆峒山国家级自然保护区山杨锈病病原及发生规律

山杨锈病是甘肃太统-崆峒山自然保护区中对山杨林危害最严重的植物病害。2013年3月—2014年12月,对该保护区内山杨锈病的发生规律进行了跟踪调查,并对病原真菌进行了采样、分离和鉴定。结果显示,在保护区内发生的山杨锈病病原菌属于松杨栅锈菌(Melampsora laricipopulina Kleb.)。该病原生物的发生规律主要表现为:每年5月下旬至6月初山杨开始发病,6月下旬危害程度逐渐加重,7月中、下旬病害快速蔓延,危害程度进一步加重,到7月底感病率达到100%;8月中、下旬约有60%叶片发黑,30%的叶片脱落,山杨的长势受到严重影响。研究结果基本反映了该区域山杨锈病的发生规律,为该林区山杨林保护提供了理论依据,为山杨锈病的防治研究奠定了基础。     

“花柳病”概念探源补遗

当今我国学者普遍将花柳病等同于性病,认为花柳病是性病在旧社会的称谓或者是一种民间称法。本文通过对花柳病概念进行溯源,认为这种看法是缺乏历史依据的:花柳一词作为对妓女等的雅称始于唐代,但是作为一种疾病的名称则始于日本,自19世纪中后期被引入中国之后,它又经历了近代医学的洗礼和改造,成为了一个充满本土感的近代词汇。