伸展态β-乳球蛋白重折叠过程的动力学特性

从蛋白质变性的渐变模型及构象态渐变的观点出发 ,对伸展态 β -乳球蛋白的重折叠过程进行了分析 ,发现蛋白质分子从伸展态到最终折叠态历经一系列中间稳定态 .尿素浓度梯度电泳实验结果显示 ,存在两条不同的折叠途径 .在不同的尿素浓度范围内 ,蛋白质分子的折叠过程具有不同的动力学特性     

水溶性壳聚糖的热分解动力学研究

利用多重扫描速率法研究了商品水溶性壳聚糖(盐酸盐)的热分解反应动力学.主分解过程可以分为两个阶段,首先是高分子盐的分解,其次是高分子链的解聚合,两个阶段的反应活化能E和指前因子lnA值分别为173.99±2.63,128.97±1.87 kJ·mol-1和35.28±0.62,24.69±0.44 min-1.利用Achar微分法判定该物质两个阶段的热分解最概然机理函数相同,为f(α)＝ 1-α,该模型属于每个颗粒上只有一个核心的随机成核和随后生长机理.     

生物质花生壳热分解及热分解模拟

用NETZSCH-STA409PC热分析仪研究了生物质花生壳的分解规律和动力学.花生壳的热分解主要有3个失重过程,第1个发生在80～100℃,为失水过程,对应DSC为吸热,失重量6%;第2个发生在100～380℃,为花生壳的热分解过程,该过程为吸热,失重量54%;第3个发生在380～700℃,为热分解残余有机物缓慢分解过程,失重量为16%;700℃后,基本恒重.讨论升温速率、粒度、气速对热分解曲线的影响.拟合了动力学方程函数,并求出动力学参数.花生壳分解可用三维扩散模型(D3)模拟,活化能E=141.67kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgA=8.645 4,用所得D3模型动力学方程预测,在花生壳分解过程中于360℃保温12min它的分解率近100%.这个结果能够用于优化气化分解过程.     

Simulation of mode conversion at the magnetopause

Two-dimensional(2-D)and three-dimensional(3-D)hybrid simulations are carried out for mode conversion from fast mode compressional wave to kinetic Alfvn waves(KAWs)at the inhomogeneous magnetopause boundary.For cases in which the incident fast wave propagates in the xz plane,with the magnetopause normal along x and the background magnetic field pointing along z,the 2-D (xz)simulation shows that KAWs with large wave number kxρi～1 are generated near the Alfve′n resonance surface,whereρi is the ion Larmor radius.Several nonlinear wave properties are manifest in the mode conversion process.Harmonics of the driver frequency are generated.As a result of nonlinear wave interaction,the mode conversion region and its spectral width are broadened.In the 3-D simulation,after this first stage of the mode conversion to KAWs with large kx,a subsequent generation of KAW modes of finite ky is observed in the later stage,through a nonlinear parametric decay process.Since the nonlinear cascade to ky can lead to massive transport at the magnetopause,the simulation results provide an effective transport mechanism at the plasma boundaries in space as well as laboratory plasmas.     

Observations of kinetic Alfvén waves by THEMIS near a substorm onset

Low frequency electromagnetic fluctuations in the vicinity of a magnetospheric substorm onset were investigated using simultaneous observations by THEMIS multiple probes in the near-Earth plasma sheet in the magnetotail.The observations indicate that in the vicinity of a substorm onset,kinetic Alfvén waves can be excited in the high-βplasma sheet(β=2μ0nT/B 2 ,the ratio of plasma thermal pressure to magnetic pressure)within the near-Earth magnetotail.The kinetic Alfvén wave has a small spatial scale in the high-βplasma.The parallel electric field accompanying kinetic Alfvén waves accelerates the charged particles along the magnetic field.The kinetic Alfvén waves play an important role in the substorm trigger process,and possibly in the formation of a substorm current wedge.     

Kinetic evaluation of the size-dependent decomposition performance of solvent-free microcellular polylactic acid foams

A thermal gravimetric method is described for evaluating the kinetics of cell size-dependent decomposition and lifetime estima- tion for microcellular tissue engineering scaffolds made of biodegradable polylactic acid(PLA)foams.PLA foam cell sizes from 550 to 20?m were fabricated experimentally using a solvent-free solid-state foaming technique under saturation pressures from 1 to 5 MPa.The thermal properties of the PLA foams with respect to the cell sizes were measured using thermal gravimetric analy- sis in a nitrogen atmosphere and the activation energy and pre-exponential factor were derived to evaluate the decomposition ki- netics and estimate lifetime.It was found that small cell sizes can be achieved under high saturation pressures and that the thermal stability of PLA decreases after the fabrication process.The cell size-dependent thermal stability and degradation rate indicate that a PLA foam of larger cell sizes has a shorter degradation time,a few tenths that of the PLA raw material,at a temperature of 37°C. The results suggest that it is feasible to optimize fabrication parameters to obtain appropriate cell sizes and lifetimes that satisfy the application requirements for various organs.This study provides the basis for precise scaffold design and quantitative analysis of PLA foams in tissue engineering applications.     

气流床气化炉气化过程的分区模拟

基于气流床气化炉的三区及短路混合模型,将气化炉炉内空间按流场-化学反应特征划分为燃烧区、射流区二次反应区、回流区二次反应区和管流区二次反应区。对一次均相反应采用Gibbs平衡模型,二次均相反应、非均相反应采用动力学模型进行了模拟计算,得到了气化炉中各分区的温度和气体组成,并将其结果与Gibbs平衡模型的计算结果进行了对比,吻合良好;在气化炉适宜的操作温度范围内,采用该模型预测了最优的氧煤比和蒸汽煤比的调节范围。     

O3/NaClO协同氧化－吸附处理雨水的试验研究

采用O_3/NaClO协同氧化_吸附法对校园屋面雨水处理进行了试验研究。考察了粉末活性炭投加量、吸附时间、搅拌速度以及初始pH对COD、氨氮、TP和浊度去除率的影响;并进行了吸附等温线及动力学模型拟合。试验结果表明:粉末活性炭的最佳投加量为50 mg/L,最佳吸附时间为60 min,最佳搅拌速度为200 r/min,最佳初始pH为7时COD,氨氮,TP和浊度的去除率分别达到了68.87%,81.90%,78.79%,78.50%。COD和氨氮的吸附等温线更符合Freundilch模型,TP吸附等温线更符合Langmuir模型,拟二级动力学模型能更好的描述粉末活性炭对雨水中COD,氨氮和TP的吸附过程,相关系数均接近于1。     

基于卡尔曼预测的外骨骼摆动腿随动控制研究

针对一种双关节驱动助力外骨骼机器人中人机交互系统所获取的传感器信息滞后于人体运动意图,从而造成执行机构无法及时跟踪摆动腿的运动,导致无法提供助力的情况,运用卡尔曼滤波算法对采集到的下肢运动信息进行运动意图预测,以弥补延时。利用采集的步态周期数据进行控制仿真实验:依据下肢外骨骼单侧腿简化的二连杆动力学模型,将预测信号输入模型,并采用PD控制验证系统稳定性和预测准确度。仿真结果表明,利用该方法可以对人体运动意图进行有效的预测,可用于驱动外骨骼摆动腿进行随动控制。     

水合物动力学抑制剂开发与评价方法研究进展

气体水合物堵塞是影响多相流动安全保障的主要问题之一。水合物动力学抑制剂因其用量小、经济环保、应用范围广等特点受到油气工业界关注。首先调研了水合物动力学抑制剂开发和评价的常规方法,包括温压变化法、可视观测法和模拟循环管路法,概括了各方法的特点和适用情况;其次介绍了近年来的新型开发和评价方法,如微分扫描量热仪法、激光测量技术法、微观力测试法和分子模拟法;最后对比分析了各方法的优缺点,并提出了水合物动力学抑制剂在实际开发和评价过程中的合理化建议。