Partial melting of the dry mafic continental crust: Implications for petrogenesis of C-type adakites

C-type adakites have been commonly considered as a result of partial melting of the mafic lower continental crust (LCC) at high pressure, as supported by high P-T experiments on hydrous basalts. However, because the mafic eclogitic LCC is generally dry, experiments on water-bearing materials cannot be used to constrain the melting processes of the dry mafic LCC. Due to the lack of systematic melting experimental studies on dry mafic rocks at crustal pressures, MELTs software was applied to simulating melting of the dry mafic LCC at 1–2 GPa. Comparison of model results with experimental data indicates that, when melting degree is greater than 20%, melts from the dry mafic LCC at 1–3 GPa cannot produce the C-type adakitic melt with high SiO₂ content (~70%). Although the limited experimental results about dry mafic rock melting at 1–2 GPa in the literature suggest that low degree melting (<10%) cannot produce silicic melt either, MELTs software simulation shows that, at pressure >1.8 GPa, low-degree melting can produce dacitic melt with high K₂O/Na₂O (~1) if SiO₂ content of the melt is controlled by residual garnet. Furthermore, the simulation also suggests that, if pressure is <1.8 GPa, abundant plagioclase (plg) in the residual phase may decrease SiO₂ content in the melt to below 62%, much lower than that of the C-type adakites observed in eastern China. Given the high P-T conditions required to produce melts with high SiO₂ and extremely low HREE contents, such melts could easily be contaminated by other crustal-derived melts, implying that the C-type adakites from eclogite melting could be less commonly observed in the outcrops than previously believed. Besides the interpretation that garnet fractionates Sr, Y, and REE, high Sr/Y and La/Yb could be also produced by multiple ways such as inheriting the source features and fractional crystallizing clinopyroxene (cpx). Therefore, it may be problematic using high Sr/Y and La/Yb as criteria to identify adakites. Instead, REE patterns with strong depletion of HREE relative to MREE (e.g. high Gd/Yb) could be a better parameter to identify the role of garnet and thus adakites. Finally, geochemical models based on MELTs simulation indicate that Eu anomaly cannot be simply used to constrain the role of plg in magmatism because Eu anomaly in the melt is a function of source characteristics, oxygen fugacity (fO₂) of magmatic systems, and plg/mafic minerals mode ratio.     

“石油无机成因说”的理论与实践

对石油的无机成因理论进行了评述,其中包括地幔脱气论、中地壳与费-托合成说、板块构造与费-托合成说.沥青、原油、干酪根的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素,原油及沥青中高含量的微量元素以及原油中的有机化合物均揭示了原油无机生成的科学依据,这是中国科学家对石油地质学的重大贡献.石油的无机成因理论是可以指导油气勘探的,并以辽宁义县-北票地区、苏南地区、鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起、四川松潘-甘孜褶皱带、柴达木盆地为例讨论了寻找大油气田的可能性.     

三塘湖盆地卡拉岗组火山岩储层成岩作用*

通过岩芯宏观观察、显微镜下铸体薄片精细观察,讨论了三塘湖盆地卡拉岗组火山岩储层的岩性岩相特征、储集空间发育特征及成岩作用特征,分析了成岩作用类型与孔洞形成机制。结合火山岩岩石化学分析,并依据火山岩成岩变化特征和过程与火山岩储层储集空间形成的相互关系,将三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩成岩作用归纳为9种类型、4个成岩期或阶段。冷凝结晶固结成岩作用期和埋藏-热液成岩作用期沸石类杏仁体和充填缝是风化壳储层形成的关键物质基础,早期和晚期表生成岩作用期在各类缝的沟通系统内易溶组分的强烈溶蚀作用是风化壳储层形成的关键作用,并由此形成喷发间期风化壳储层和区域构造抬升剥蚀风化壳储层两类风化壳储层。     

Making continental crust: The sanukitoid connection

The average continental crust possesses intermediate compositions that typify arc magmatism and as a result it is believed to have been created at ancient convergent plate boundaries. One possible mechanism for intermediate continental crust formation is the direct production of andesitic melts in the upper mantle. Sanukitoids, which characterize the Setouchi volcanic belt, SW Japan, include unusually high-Mg andesites （HMA）. They were generated by slab melting and subsequent melt-mantle interactions under unusual tectonic settings such as where warm lithosphere subducts into hot upper mantle. Such conditions would have existed in the Archean. Hydrous HMA magmas are likely to have solidified within the crust to form HMA plutons, which were then remelted to produce differentiated sanukitoids. At present, generation and differentiation of HMA magmas may be taking place in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc-trench system （IBM）, because （1） HMA magmatism characterizes the initial stages of the IBM evolution and （2） the IBM middle crust exhibits Vp identical to that of the bulk conti- nental crust. Vp estimates for plutonic rocks with HMA compositions support this. However tonalitic composition for middle-crust-forming rocks cannot be ruled out, suggesting an alternative possibility that the continental crust has been created by differentiation of mantle-derived basaltic magmas.     

回转窑液压传动系统的设计与开发

介绍了回转窑液压传动系统的主要设计方法,提出回转窑系统只有采取智能化集中控制,才能有效地提高运转率和可靠性。     

面向复杂工业过程应用的图像处理系统

针对复杂工业过程中工况变化的复杂性与检测手段相对落后的难题,结合计算机多媒体与图像处理技术,提出了一类面向复杂工业过程应用的图像处理系统体系结构.该体系结构包括视频监控模块、图像处理算法集成模块、智能工况识别模块,兼有通用性设计与面向对象设计的特点,体现了软件工程所追求的结构化设计与软件复用的思想.结合氧化铝回转窑生产过程中对烧成带工况识别的需要,应用该体系结构建立了一个氧化铝回转窑烧成带图像处理系统,取得了良好的效果.     

基于模型迁移方法的回转窑煅烧带温度软测量

回转窑的煅烧带温度是其控制过程中一个非常重要的参数,但煅烧带温度难以直接获取并且缺少大量的实测数据进行软测量.为了在数据较少的情况下获得准确的软测量模型,并考虑到窑头温度与煅烧温度的相似性,引入了基于过程相似性进行模型迁移的方法(PMBPS),首先采用混沌混合学习算法训练T-S模糊神经网络,对具有大量准确测量值的窑头温...     

铝矾土煅烧窑炉的数值模拟

通过改变高温空气入口的压力,采用计算机数值模拟的方法,研究了采用高温空气燃烧技术的铝矾土煅烧窑炉内部的温度分布、速度矢量、氧气浓度分布的变化情况,为提高产品质量和设计窑炉提供了依据。     

水泥熟料分段烧成模拟分析

通过建立新型干法水泥回转窑烧成带温度计算的数学模型,计算出两种不同水泥窑型的烧成带温度,分析了两种不同窑型的温度分布,进而提出熟料分段烧成的理想化模型。研究发现：短窑在过渡带具有普通窑型约8倍的温度梯度,但是在烧成带两者几乎没有温度变化,而分段烧成依然有15℃的升温,因此分段烧成具有良好的熟料反应温度环境,有利于熟料质量的提高。     

基于火焰图像特征与BT-SVM的窑况识别方法

针对氧化铝回转窑烧成带工况变化复杂难以实现连续在线检测,长期依赖人工看火操作的难题,提出了利用计算机图像处理技术模拟传统的人工看火过程进行窑况识别研究的方法,方法包括两个部分:提取烧成带火焰图像特征,融合关键工艺过程数据组成混合特征;建立具有准正态二叉树结构的支持向量机窑况识别模型对混合特征数据进行分类识别.最后,应用该方法对采集得到的火焰图像数据与过程数据进行仿真实验研究,获得了满意的效果.