含葡聚糖颗粒物暴露致小鼠肺部GSNO还原酶活化的研究

动物实验和体外研究都已表明,空气中有机颗粒物可引起肺部炎症反应,该反应的显著特点为细胞因子表达上调和分泌增多.葡聚糖是霉菌和细菌代谢及裂解的产物,当颗粒物受到霉菌和细菌污染之后,就会含有葡聚糖.最近的研究表明,含葡聚糖颗粒物的暴露会影响鼻腔和肺部的功能,并伴随炎症反应.然而,含葡聚糖颗粒物的暴露对一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和亚硝基谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSNOR)的影响仍不太清楚.本研究旨在检测含葡聚糖颗粒物暴露对呼吸道中NO信号通路的影响.本实验力小鼠被分别暴露于20μL PBS(空白组),20μL浓度为25μg/20μL的OVA和20μL浓度为100μL/20μL的含葡聚糖颗粒物环境中,暴露持续12d.暴露结束后在肺组织匀浆中检测NOS和GSNOR的活性.同时测定肺组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)浓度和SOD活性用以评估氧化应激水平.另外,检测肺组织中的IL–6浓度确定炎症反应的发生与否.结果显示,12天OVA和葡聚糖颗粒物暴露并未明显影响NOS活性、GSH含量、SOD活性和IL-6浓度.然而,含葡聚糖颗粒物12d的暴露却明显增加GSNOR的活性和表达.我们的研究结果表明,含葡聚糖颗粒物暴露会激活呼吸道中的GSNOR,但不激活NOS.由于GSNOR在NO信号通路中起着举足轻重的作用,我们的研究结果具有一定的临床重要性.     

硝酸稀土[R(NO_3)_3]和单一稀土(RGl_3)对小麦幼苗氮素代谢以及根系生长的影响

用不同浓度的硝酸稀土和氯化稀土处理小麦幼苗,发现低浓度可以促进干物质累积和根茎生长,高低浓度均对硝酸还原酶活性和氮素吸收有增加的趋势,但两者不是同步的关系。     

Assimilation of mineral nitrogen and ion balance in the two partners of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: Data and hypothesis

Summary Assimilation pathways of mineral nitrogen and ion balances of the two partners of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (fungi and woody plants) are reviewed. Data are presented about the partners both in pure culture and in mycorrhizal association. The two forms of mineral nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate, differ in their mobility in the soil, their transport into the cells, their uptake rates by plants and their assimilation pathways. These metabolic differences are related to differences in adjustment of ion balances and carbon metabolism under conditions of nitrate or ammonium nutrition. The data obtained on the partners of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis are discussed from this point of view and the observations composed with those on herbaceous angiosperms.     

Cerivastatin: a cellular and molecular drug for the future?

The 'statin story' began in 1987 when the first-generation, fungal HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin received FDA approval in the USA. Ten years later, the sixth compound of this class came onto the world market - the fully synthetic statin cerivastatin. A number of clinical studies had confirmed its high pharmacological efficacy, its excellent pharmacokinetic properties with fast and nearly complete absorption after oral uptake, a linear kinetic over a broad concentration range, and its favorable safety profile. The greatest advantages, of cerivastatin, however, are its lipophilicity, its high bioavailability of about 60% after oral application and its potency at 100-fold lower doses compared to other lipophilic statins. Nevertheless, the most exciting findings are certainly its non-lipid-related, pleiotropic effects at the cellular and molecular level. Statin therapy was also found to reduce mortality in cases where cholesterol levels or atherosclerotic plaque formation remained unaltered. However, cerivastatin improves endothelial dysfunction, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antiproliferative, plaque-stabilizing, immunmodulatory, and angiogenic effects, and may even prevent tumor growth, Alzheimer's disease, and osteoporosis. Most of these effects seem to be based on the inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis. Although cerivastatin is no longer on the market because of some problematic side effects, it could be one of the most potent cellular and molecular drugs for the future. Received 29 May 2002; received after revision 23 August 2002; accepted 26 August 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

热激和热胁迫过程中玉米幼苗谷胱甘肽还原酶活性和同工酶的变化

 以玉米品种晴3和大黄为材料,研究结果表明热激幼苗的存活率比未热激幼苗高,这说明热激提高了玉米幼苗的抗热性.热激幼苗的谷胱甘肽还原酶活性明显高于未经热激的幼苗,同时热激处理后,GR的同工酶谱在整个热胁迫期间与对照相比也存在差异,说明热激过程中谷胱甘肽还原酶活性的升高和同工酶的变化与玉米幼苗的抗热性相关.     

热带假丝酵母XYL1基因的克隆及序列分析

木糖还原酶(XR)是D-木糖代谢途径中的关键酶,催化还原D-木糖成木糖醇.已报道的热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalisIF0 0618)木糖还原酶只能利用NADPH,而本研究中的热带假丝酵母(C.tropicalisAY92045)木糖还原酶能够同时利用NADH和NADPH作为辅因子,有利于细胞内的辅酶平衡和木糖醇的产生.经克隆测序与Blast X比较其与已报道C.tropicalis木糖还原酶基因XYRA和XYRB的差异,分析改变的氨基酸位点对结合辅酶的影响,并为下一步研究该酶性质及构建高     

红曲霉产HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的研究

采用薄层层析-紫外吸收光谱法对一株红曲霉产生的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂进行分析测定,并对其发酵条件进行研究.结果表明:该菌能产生洛伐他汀或其类似物.产物合成的适宜条件为:采用固体发酵培养基b,接种量5%~10%,变温培养.在这些条件下,固体发酵10 d,该菌株产生的酶抑制剂可达0.19%以上.     

一种硫酸盐还原菌的亚硫酸盐还原酶基因(dsrA)的克隆和序列分析

硫酸盐还原菌是一类具有重要生态学意义的微生物，从一种具有还原六价金属铬能力的复合硫酸盐还原菌SRBⅢ中克降了它的亚硫酸盐还原酶A亚基的完整基因，该序列带有亚硫酸盐还原酶-亚硝酸盐还原酶中保守的CX5CXNCX3C的序列，与巳报道的同类基因相比，该基因与脱硫脱硫弧菌（Essex6株）的异化型硫酸盐还原菌最为接近，核苷酸序列的同一性为89%，氨基酸序列的同一性约为94%。     

High expression of EPO gene using un-dhfr negative cell

Erythropoietin (EPO) genomic gene was cloned and its expression vector pOP13/EPO was constructed. CHO_K12 cell was transfected by this vector using lipofectin method. A stable expression cell strain C10 cell with the EPO production at 160IU/d in 10\+6 cells were obtained at 400 μg/mL G418. Based on the C10 cell, another vector pHY/dhfr (dihydrofolate reductase) that carries a dhfr gene and a selecting marker of hygromycin B resistant gene was transferred to this cell. Several cell clones were obtained at 200 μg/mL hygromycin B. These cell clones that can express both EPO gene and exogenous dhfr gene were selected under the progressively increased concentration to 1 μmol methotrexate(MTX). Some high EPO expression cell clones were obtained, the highest expression was 2 400 IU/d in 10\+6 cells, 15 times higher than that without MTX pressure. Then, a method of EPO high expression by using un_dhfr negative cell was primarily established. EPO bioactivity was found by using TF_1 cell.