ANISOTROPY OF THE KERATIN FIBRE COMPOSITE

This paper presents a composite model of the natural keratin fibres (wool and hair) whichconsists essentially of isotropic viscoelastic filaments, oriented parallel to each other in the fibreaxial direction, embedded in an isotropic viscoelastic matrix. The model accurately fits the exper-imental data on the fibre axial stress relaxation moduli and provides upper and lower bounds forthe initial/final values for the fibre transverse tensile and shear stress relaxation moduli andtransverse Poisson's ratio. The partially water penertrable filament phase of the composite modelis identified as the microfibrils in the fine structure of keratin. The strong anisotropy of keratinsin mechanical properties and hygral/thermal expansion is analyzed in terms of composite struc-ture and mechanical as well as the thermal/hygral properties of the two constituent phases.     

从角蛋白提取胱氨酸水解终点的确定

实验确定了从角蛋白中提取胱氨酸的最佳水解终点。     

用N-(3-P)NEM标记毛发角蛋白研究毛发中低硫蛋白和高硫蛋白的状态

本文用一种特异性标记蛋白质巯基的N-(3-P)NEM为荧光探针标记毛发角蛋白,经SDS-PAGE后,通过荧光薄层扫描确定N-(3-P)NEM与含巯基蛋白结合的部位.结果表明,毛发角蛋白中的低硫蛋白分子量在45,000～63,000范围,约占总蛋白量的49.6%～68.2%;高硫蛋白分子量在4,000～20,000范围,约占总蛋白量的18.9%～36.2%.除低硫和高硫蛋白以外,毛发角蛋白中还可能存在一种极低硫蛋白,分子量位于22,000～32,000范围.对人与5种动物的毛发角蛋白组分进行比较,证实人与动物的毛发角蛋白的主要差异在高硫蛋白,不同种属的动物毛发角蛋白中低硫蛋白和高硫蛋白的含量也不相同.作者认为毛发角蛋白中含巯基蛋白的差异可为动物分类学和法医学在进行毛发比较鉴别方面提供新的重要信息.     

几种“奇异动物”毛发角蛋白的分离和分析

本文对几种“奇异动物”毛发角蛋白进行了SDS-PAGE和氨基酸组成分析,同时与对照组毛发(包括人头发和黑猩猩、红猩猩、阿拉伯狒狒、长臂猿、狗熊毛发)进行了比较。结果表明,“奇异动物”毛发角蛋白组分与对照组有明显差异。氨基酸组成分析证实,人头发和黑猩猩、阿拉伯狒狒毛发角蛋白均由17种氨基酸组成,而“奇异动物”毛发角蛋白由16种氨基酸组成,碱性氨基酸低于人和其它灵长类动物;但胱氨酸含量与人头发非常接近,分别为10.29％和11.36％。     

Effect of concentration of wool keratin on the rebuilding of disulfur bond

We demonstrate the effect of concentration of extracted keratin on the rebuilding of disulfur bond during dialysis against deionized water: cross-linked networks can be formed in the aggregate when the concentration is high, whereas at low concentration, intramolecular disulfur bond is preferred. This preliminary study illustrates, for the first time, the potential of controlling the cross-linking between keratin chains by facile means without addition of other chemicals, which is helpful to construct the biomacromolecular self-assemblies.     

The Biocompatibility of Wool Keratin

Keratin is the major structural fibrous protein providing outer covering such as hair, wool, feathers, etc. When being used as a kind of biomaterials, the biocompatibility of wool keratin is one of the most critical questions. By now, there has not been systemic study on the biocompatibiiity of keratin. Therefore, in this article we used the procedures of skin irritation, haemolysis and subcutaneous implantation according to ISO 10993 to study it. Moreover, the Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to analyse the impurity and structure modification of wool keratin film. The part of the animal tests showed that the wool keratin films prepared by authors were biocompatible. But the residual of sodium dodecyi sulfate (SDS) affected the results of other tests. Consequently, the wool keratin membrane is one kind of favourable and promising biomaterial for biomedical and histological utilization. The residual SDS used as an agent should be eliminated from the keratin solution or membrane completely if for biological usage. In conclusion, wool keratin, as a kind of natural protein, prospectively could be applied in biomedical materials and scaffolds of tissue engineering.     

在井岗霉素生产中使用角蛋白水解物作氨基氨源的研究

畜、禽毛羽经水解加工后形成的角蛋白水解物，不仅是一种氨基酸含量丰富的畜、禽动物饲料蛋白营养源，而且可作为微生物发酵时的氨基氮源。为降低成本，扩大井岗霉素的生产量，我们在摇床试验和１７吨位罐的生产性试验基础上，证实每吨发酵基质料中用１．３％量的角蛋白水解物，代替传统的酵母粉加蚕蛹粉作氨基氮源时，井岗霉素的生成量可从原有基础上提高７％（Ｐ＜０．０５），而投料成本可降低近２７％的良好效果。根据角蛋白水解物的氨基酸组成分析，对利用吸水链霉菌发酵生产井岗霉素中所应具备的氨基氮源，提出了分析和探讨．     

羊毛溶解再利用的研究现状

角蛋白质是生物组织结构中一种重要的结构蛋白质，是天然的高分子物。其分子结构又杂不易溶解。现有研究，主要是利用废弃羊毛来制备角蛋白质溶液，希望得到的溶液角蛋白质分子不受或少受破坏，并保持长链结构。虽然已有很多溶解方法，但真正生态、无损溶解较少，溶解对角蛋白分子量影响的解释就更少。通过对已有研究和利用的回顾，以提出存在的问题和研究方向。     

新型羊毛角蛋白载体缓释尿素肥

利用氧化后的羊毛角蛋白粉末作为载体制备了缓释尿素肥料．通过土柱淋溶实验考察了模压压强、模压温度、尿素含量、角蛋白氧化时间和尿素颗粒尺度对羊毛角蛋白载体缓释尿素肥料淋出速率的影响，并与商业化的缓释肥料Luxecote和包硫尿素做了对比．实验结果表明，淋溶10次后羊毛角蛋白载体缓释尿素的累积淋出分率在22％～62％之间，与Luxecote和包硫尿素分别淋溶10次的累积淋出分率41．28％和18．01％接近．且淋溶实验表明随模压压强的增大，尿素的淋出速率显著降低．随模压温度的升高，尿素淋出速率稍有降低．随缓释肥料中尿素含量的增大，其淋出速率明显升高．角蛋白的氧化时间越长以及尿素颗粒越大，尿素的淋出速率越高．     

蛋白基柔性材料的介观重构及其光电子器件

自然界中的蛋白质材料具有天然丰度、多种化学成分、可调控的性能、优异的生物相容及可降解性能等特点,为柔性光电子器件的发展提供了新的机遇.然而,蛋白质化学稳定性差、机械柔性不可控等缺点使得传统加工技术难以应用在其表面,严重制约了其在柔性电子领域的应用.本文首先以丝蛋白和角蛋白为例介绍了天然蛋白材料的介观重构以及加工技术,阐述了天然蛋白质材料的多级网络结构与其物理性能的关系.在此基础上,侧重介绍它们在柔性传感、发光、晶体管及存储等器件中的应用,最后展望了蛋白基柔性材料在光电子器件发展中所面临的挑战以及发展机遇.