青海湖裸鲤染色体核型及多倍性的初步研究

采用活体PHA-秋水仙素注射法研究了青海湖裸鲤的染色体核型，结果表明，青海湖裸鲤二倍体染色体数目为2n=92，核型式为：18m 18sm 16st 40t，NF=128。初步认为青海湖裸鲤可能是二倍化了的四倍体，源自某种适应青藏高原特殊生态环境的原始多巴类。     

两种蛙科无尾类的核型

腹斑倭蛙：2n=26(16M 1-SM),NF=52,除Nos,2,3,4,6,9等五对为SM外，其余诸对均为M，次缢痕位于8q，威宁蛙2n=26(18M 8SM),NF=52,除Mos,3,4,6,7 等四对为SM外，其余各对为M，次缢痕出现在1q和7q两处，前者频率较高，根据相对长度，臂比值和次缢痕的位置和数目讨论了蛙亚科的核型演化机制，推断可能是相互易位和臂间倒位为主。     

中华稻蝗种群遗传关系研究

对我国中华稻蝗若干种群进行了基于形态分类学重要特征、染色体C带核型和RAPD分子标记的种群遗传学关系研究.结果表明,我国中华稻蝗从形态上来看东部沿海种群体型较大,前翅较长,尾须较钝,而内陆及东北种群则体型较小,前翅较短,尾须较尖;但从外生殖器基本结构来看,不同种群具有相似的形态特征.其次,不同种群在染色体数目、着丝粒位置以及C带带型等方面具有明显恒定的结构特点.从RAPD分子标记研究结果来看,不同种群拥有明显一致的分子标记数据.由此可见,我国中华稻蝗是稻蝗属中一个广布物种,其外部形态结构的差异可能与其分布地环境条件相适应,然而其外生殖器结构能够反映物种的基本特征.从种群遗传学角度来看,染色体带型结构和分子标记结果的稳定性更能体现物种遗传结构的本质,因此,文章支持Ho llis将无齿稻蝗等合并入中华稻蝗的主张.     

芝麻菜的核型研究

报道了芝麻菜（Eruea Sativa Mill.）及其变种绵果芝麻菜（E.Sativa var.eriocarpa Boiss.）的核型研究结果。二者根液压泵分生细胞的二倍染色体数均为2n=22，花粉母细胞的单倍染色体数均为n=11，核型公式芝麻菜为2n=22=16m（2SAT） 6sm(2SAT)，绵果芝麻菜为2n=22=18m(2SAT) 4sm(2SAT)。     

大黄鱼染色体核型研究

采用秋水仙素腹腔注射,肾细胞直接制片法对取自厦门市火烧屿网箱的养殖大黄鱼进行染色体核型分析,结果表明：大黄鱼具有４８条Ａ型染色体,核型公式为２ｎ＝４６ｔ＋２ｓｔ,ＮＦ＝４８。     

安徽百合属细胞学研究

本文研究了安徽产百合属（ＬｉｌｉｕｍＬ．）２种和２变种的染色体数目和核型，结果如下：野百合（Ｌ．ｂｒｏｗｎｉｉＦ．Ｅ．Ｂｒｏｗｎ）观察了２个居群。歙县居群观察到两种细胞型，细胞型Ⅰ：２ｎ＝２６＝１ｍ＋２Ｓｍ＋１０Ｓｔ＋１０ｔ＋３Ｔ；细胞型Ⅱ：２ｎ＝２４＋２Ｂｓ＝２ｍ＋２Ｓｍ＋８Ｓｔ（２ｓｃ）＋１２ｔ＋２Ｂｓ；石台居群核型公式为２ｎ＝２４＋１Ｂｓ＝３ｍ＋１Ｂｍ＋６Ｓｔ＋１２ｔ＋２Ｔ＋１Ｂｓ。百合（Ｌ．ｂｒｏｗｎｉｉＦ．Ｅ．Ｂｒｏｗｎｖａｒ．ｖｉｒｉｄｕ－ｌｕｍＢａｋｅｒ）核型公式为２ｎ＝２４＋１Ｂｓ＝４ｍ（２ｓｃ）＋１４Ｓｔ（２ｓｃ）＋６ｔ＋１Ｂｓ；药百合（Ｌ．ｓｐｅｃｉｏｓｕｎＴｈｕｎｂ．ｖａｒ，ｇｌｏｒｉｏｓｏｉｄｅｓＢａｋｅｒ）核型公式为２ｎ＝２４＝４ｍ＋９Ｓｔ（２ｓｃ）＋１０ｔ＋１Ｔ；条叶百合（Ｌ．ｃａｌｌｏｓｕｍＳｉｅｂ．ｅｔＺｕｃｅ．）核型公式为２ｎ＝２４＝２ｍ＋２Ｓｍ＋４Ｓｔ（２ｓｃ）＋１６ｔ。以上的核型类别全部属于“３Ｂ”型，其中野百合２ｎ＝２６的染色体数目和核型为首次记录。     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis,which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)、秦岭鼢鼠(M.rufescens)的染色体组型和C带研究

报道了甘肃鼢鼠（Ｍｙｏｓｐａｌａｘｃａｎｓｕｓ）、秦岭鼢鼠（Ｍ．ｒｕｆｅｓｃｅｎｓ）的染色体组型和Ｃ带带型．发现两种鼢鼠在染色体组型及Ｃ带带型上均有一定差异．其中秦岭鼢鼠的染色体组型和两种鼢鼠的Ｃ带带型属首次报道．文中对有关的分类学问题进行了初步讨论．     

A short-term culture method for chromosome preparation from somatic tissues of adult mussel (Mytilus edulis)

In order to improve the efficiency of mussel chromosome preparation, a tissue culture procedure has been developed. Mantle and foot explants were grown in tubes in media composed of Eagle's Basal Medium supplemented either with salts or seawater, enriched with egg yolk, adjusted to pH 7.50, and containing penicillin and streptomycin. After 4 days of incubation at 18°C, antibiotics were renewed and after 6–7 days, cultures were ready for harvesting and preparation of microscopical slides. The cultures were a source of actively dividing cells and consistent metaphase spreads were obtained. Evidence from BrdU incorporation suggested that cells could undergo several rounds of replication. The chromsome spreads were good enough for karyotyping and to successfully silver stain the nucleolar organizer regions.