冷水坑矿田层状铅锌银矿稳定同位素特征与矿床成因

赋存于火山岩地层层间破碎带中的层状铅锌银矿是冷水坑矿田重要的矿化类型之一。层状矿体内碳酸盐岩与矿石中金属硫化物碳氧硫铅同位素测定表明,铁锰碳酸盐矿物的δ13CV-PDB变化范围在-4.8‰～-5.5‰之间,δ18OV-SMOW为12.6‰～14.1‰,白云质灰岩分别为-3.3‰～-5.9‰,9.8‰～17.2‰。金属硫化物δ34S值为-3.9‰～+5.6‰,多集中在-1‰～6‰之间,与矿田斑岩型矿床硫同位素组成一致。矿石铅同位素组成比较一致,其中206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb分别为17.786～17.809,15.572～15.605,38.281～38.386。层状矿体矿石铅同位素组成位于矿田铅同位素分布范围内且比斑岩型矿石铅分布集中。矿石硫、铅同位素组成表明层状矿床成矿物质来自矿田火山(岩浆)系统。含矿地层内的碳酸盐岩层为火山喷发间歇局限陆相湖正常沉积而成,铁锰碳酸盐为火山(岩浆)热液成因而非喷流沉积。冷水坑层状铅锌银矿为火山热液型矿床。     

准噶尔盆地石炭系烃源岩地球化学特征研究

系统分析了准噶尔盆地石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型及成熟度等特征,应用综合地球化学指标对有机质类型进行判定.石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度高,上统好于下统.其有机质类型表现为下统好于上统,下统以混合偏腐泥型为主,上统以混合型偏腐殖型为主,煤系以腐殖型为主.下统烃源岩几乎都在成熟—过成熟范围内,利于生成成熟油气和凝析油,上统利于生气.并通过纵向上各主要烃源岩层对比,总结出重碳同位素、饱和烃色谱不含β胡萝卜烷、规则甾烷以C27呈显著优势的"V"型分布是石炭系烃源岩的几个标志性地球化学特征.     

紫金桥组态软件在空气分馏中的应用

介绍了紫金桥监控组态软件的功能和应用,分析了空气分馏的过程,并应用紫金桥监控组态软件实现了空气分馏的过程组态。     

High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin,Central China

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) was a transient episode of global warming, associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input that occurred at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. Biostratigraphic and isotope stratigraphic studies indicate that the PETM event is well documented in the marl deposits of the Yuhuangding section in the Nanyang Basin, Central China, with a carbon isotope negative excursion of ~6.1‰ within 19-m-thick marl deposits. This is the highest resolution record of the PETM so far found in the world. The PETM event was triggered within 2-cm-thick marl sediments, with a decrease of δ¹³C (stable carbon isotope ratio) from –3.2‰ to –5.2‰, suggesting a massive methane hydrate release for a transient period that was possibly caused by a catastrophic event. A comparison between marine and terrestrial records indicates a “Three-Phase Model” for the PETM event. Initially there is a rapid negative excursion in the δ¹³C record, followed by a slowly decreasing trend, and then a gradual positive recovery, corresponding respectively to a rapid dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate, followed by a slow release of methane and then the consumption of the released methane.     

西北干旱区污染绿洲土壤中镉、锌在芹菜中的积累与迁移

利用盆栽试验,采用Tessier五步连续提取法研究了干旱区污染绿洲土壤中重金属镉、锌在芹菜中的积累与迁移.结果表明:(1)原状绿洲土中Cd、Zn形态以残渣态为主,随着外源性Cd、Zn添加量的增加,芹菜土壤中Cd、Zn全量和各化学形态含量随之增加;且交换态Cd、Zn和碳酸盐结合态Cd、Zn含量增幅较大,有机结合态Cd、Zn含量增幅较小,残渣态Cd、Zn含量几乎不变;随着Cd、Zn添加量的增加,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Cd、Zn逐渐占绝对优势.(2)随着外源性Cd、Zn添加浓度的增加,芹菜叶和根部累积的Cd、Zn含量随之增加;土壤中的有机物结合态Cd与芹菜叶和根部累积的Cd含量呈极显著相关,表明土壤中的有机物结合态Cd对芹菜叶和根部累积Cd有最大贡献;有机物结合态Zn与芹菜根部累积的Zn含量,碳酸盐结合态Zn与芹菜叶部累积的Zn含量呈极显著相关,表明有机物结合态Zn和碳酸盐结合态Zn分别对芹菜根和叶部累积Zn有最大贡献.(3)芹菜叶和根部Cd的富集系数均大于1,且Cd的富集系数大于Zn,表明芹菜吸收Cd的能力大于Zn,其毒害作用也相应大于Zn;两种重金属的富集系数根部均大于叶部,且其迁移系数均小于1,表明C...     

Carbon isotopic compositions of pore and matrix carbonates in carbonate nodules, and origin of carbonate formation

Carbon isotopes of pedogenic carbonate are often used to study paleoenvironments, but the existence of detrital carbonate changes the carbon isotopic composition. To develop an experimental method to determine existence of detrital carbonate in carbonate nodules, and to avoid it during isotope analysis, 23 pedogenic carbonate nodules in Miocene loess from the Loess Plateau of China were studied through micromorphology and carbon isotope analysis. The difference in carbon isotopic composition between matrix carbonate (B) and pore carbonate (A) (δ¹³C_(B-A)) ranges from 0.27‰ to 0.44‰ in nodules containing detrital carbonate and –0.16‰ to 0.13‰ in nodules where detrital carbonate is absent. The latter is within measurement error, but the former is beyond it. Here we propose an isotopic approach to determine if nodules contain detrital carbonate: if δ¹³C_(B-A) is within the measurement error, the nodules do not contain detrital carbonate, and vice versa. We suggest that it is better to analyze pore carbonate instead of matrix carbonate when using carbon isotope of carbonate nodules to reconstruct paleoenvironments.     

成都市成人血、尿液重金属浓度及铅同位素比

在成都市城市及农村地区共采集了98份成人血液和42份成人尿液样品,利用ICP-MS分析了Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Sn等14种重金属浓度和铅同位素比.城市成人血液中重金属几何平均浓度(GM)为0.01～3 129.06μg/g胆固醇,城市成人尿液中重金属GM为n.d.～275.26μg/g肌酐,农村成人血液中重金属GM为0.02～3 353.58μg/g胆固醇.研究发现城市成人血液与尿液重金属浓度不存在显著相关,但同一介质各重金属之间存在一定的相关性.城市、农村成人血液中Cd、Pb、Sr、Tl、Co、Cu、Ni、V、Zn的浓度存在显著性差异(P0.05),城市成人血液、尿液,农村成人血液中大部分元素在性别方面不存在显著性差异(P0.05).主成分分析发现膳食是城市和农村血液重金属的重要来源,但来源也存在差别:城市成人血液重金属来源还有燃煤燃烧、合金制造和交通活动,农村的来源则是矿石开采,农药、化肥、油漆、电子产品等的使用.整体而言,四种同位素以~(208)Pb为主,~(206)Pb、~(207)Pb次之,~(204)Pb占比最低.     

内蒙古东北部林西组碳酸盐岩结核的成因及油气地质意义

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗哈日根台苏木地区上二叠统林西组深水外陆棚灰黑色泥页岩沉积中发育大量的碳酸盐岩结核。这些结核呈透镜状、结核状及丘状,在产状上与现代海底发育的及古代的冷泉碳酸盐岩极为相似。通过对碳酸盐岩结核的微观组构、物质成分和碳同位素特征的研究,发现碳酸盐岩结核中发育较多的气孔构造、生物化石及草莓状黄铁矿;碳、氧同位素结果显示碳酸盐岩结核的碳同位素存在明显的负偏,表明其中有有机来源的碳。这些特征与现代海底由于天然气渗漏形成的冷泉碳酸盐岩特征一致,因而推测研究区发育的碳酸盐岩结核为古代海底天然气渗漏形成的冷泉碳酸盐岩。这表明在林西组沉积时期,海底存在天然气水合物,可能与海底早期沉积的灰黑色泥页岩中甲烷的释放有关。烃源岩潜力分析也表明,研究区大量发育的灰黑色泥页岩具有一定的生烃潜力,林西组具有较好的油气勘探前景;但是由于地层时代较老,成岩作用及构造运动的影响,现今的勘探难度较大。     

基于外点惩罚函数与NSGA-II算法的气体分馏装置多目标优化

采用多元线性回归理论,结合最小二乘法对气体分馏装置进行优化建模,提出将惩罚函数法与非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-II）相结合的优化策略,对气体分馏装置优化模型进行求解得到Pareto最优解集。优化结果表明,文中提出的改进NSGA—II算法求得Pareto解集的收敛性和多目标优化点的分散程度要优于NSGA．II和NSGA算法,该算法克服了NSGA—II算法Pareto解集的分散程度不均匀、NSGA算法收敛性差的问题。通过对比气体分馏装置目前工况与改进NSGA—II优化算法的结果可知,改进算法的结果成功地解决了目前该气体分馏装置能耗过高的问题,使该装置达到了节能优化的目标,为气体分馏装置的节能与优化设计提供了新的有效方法。     

Transmission of oxygen isotope signals of precipitation-soil water-drip water and its implications in Liangfeng Cave of Guizhou,China

According to systemically monitoring results of oxygen （hydrogen） isotope compositions of precipitation, soil waters, soil CO2, cave drip waters and their corresponding speleothems in Liangfeng Cave （LFC） in Guizhou Province, Southwest China, it is found that local precipitation is the main source of soil waters and drip waters, and that the amplitudes of those δ18O values of three waters （precipitation, soil water and drip water） decrease in turn in the observed year, which are 0‰ to -10‰, -2‰ to -9‰ and -6‰ to -8‰, respectively. Moreover, the δ18O values for three waters show a roughly simultaneous variation, namely, that those values are lighter in the rainy seasons, weightier in the dry seasons, and that the average δ18O value of drip waters is about 0.3‰ weightier than that of precipitation, which is modified by surface evaporation processes. We also find that oxygen isotope equilibrium is reached or neared in the formation processes of speleothems in LFC system, and that it is feasible to reconstruct paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation by using δ18O values of speleothems. However, it should be noted that surface evaporation would affect the oxygen isotope values in the study area.