越南东山铜鼓再认识与铜鼓分类新说

用国际视野对越南东山铜鼓和东山文化重新考察 ,可以看出 ,东山铜鼓以其强烈的地域特色和重要的历史地位 ,作为铜鼓文化发展中的重要角色参与铜鼓分类是无可置疑的。     

猪心肌乳酸脱氢酶的提纯工艺及酶反应最适条件

研究了适合于工业化生产的猪心肌乳酸脱氢酶的初步提取工艺，经硫酸铵分级沉淀得到酶的比活为86．5U／mg，再经DEAE离子交换层析比活可达525．0U／mg，酶活总收率为54．5％．并对酶促反应的最适条件进行了研究，其最适反应pH为7．6～7．8，最适反应底物浓度分别为NADH5mg／mL和丙酮酸钠25mmol／L。     

柴达木盆地三湖坳陷浅层生物气成藏模式分析

柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系浅层生物气一直被认为完全是由第四系腐殖型有机质生成的.最新研究结果表明:(1)第四系生物气藏探明储量与源岩条件之间不匹配;(2)高分辨率地震剖面特征表明三湖坳陷气田区域第四系发育了大量的气烟囱;(3)生物气组分特征表明有热成因气混入的可能性;(4)乙烷等重烃气碳同位素特征表明三湖坳陷第四系气藏有腐泥型生物气混入;(5)三湖坳陷上第三系狮子沟组发育偏腐泥型有机质.笔者认为第四系浅层生物气藏的形成机理比较复杂,包括“下生上储”和“自生自储”两种模式,第四系的浅生物气由上第三系狮子沟组生物气与第四系生物气混合而成.     

柴北缘陆相页岩压裂返排液水化学和同位素特征

为陆相页岩压裂返排液污染含水层的精准识别,依托柴北缘第1口陆相页岩气勘探井——柴页1井,对比分析页岩气开发区背景地下水、压裂返排液和常规油田卤水(COB)的水化学和同位素特征,探讨压裂返排液污染含水层的标识.研究结果表明:①柴北缘地区极度干旱的气候条件、含水层矿物组成以及陆相页岩的沉积环境,导致海相页岩气田常用的返排液识别指标,如Cl-、溶解性总固体、水化学类型、主要离子比值和氢氧同位素等均不适用于该区陆相页岩返排液的识别标识;②柴北缘地区常规和非常规油气的共同开采现状,使C1/C1-5、δ13 C-CH4等页岩气化学和同位素指标不适用于页岩压裂返排液的溯源标识;③返排液中δ11 B和87 Sr/86 Sr的分布范围与浅层地下水和COB均不重叠,有较大的可区分空间,是返排液污染浅层地下水的潜在识别指标.研究成果可为中国北方页岩气开发的环境影响评价及相关环境立法提供指导建议,促进中国北方页岩气勘查开发工作的环境友好进行.     

吉林西部盐碱区农田土壤盐碱程度与碳的稳定同位素比值的关系

为了探讨农田土壤盐碱程度对土壤碳固定和碳排放的影响,选取吉林西部不同开发年限的盐碱旱田、水田为研究对象,进行野外采样和实验测量。测定土壤盐碱程度的基本理化指标:土壤pH、电导率和碱化度;同时测定土壤有机碳和无机碳的稳定碳同位素比值。研究结果表明,旱田土壤整体盐碱程度较高、固碳水平较低,土壤-大气碳循环较慢。随开发年限的增加,盐碱程度没有显著降低;而水田土壤盐碱程度相对较低,固碳水平较高,促进了土壤-大气碳循环。随开发年限的增加,土壤盐碱程度得以改善,土壤固碳水平提高。总体而言,玉米的种植无法较为有效地改善土壤盐碱程度和土壤碳的固定,而水稻的种植则可以改善土壤条件,有利于土壤对碳的固定从而降低碳排放。在全球温室效应大环境下,研究区应大力关注水稻种植产业的发展,改造盐碱土壤,为减缓区域变暖做出一定贡献。     

天津地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征及影响因素研究

依据国际原子能机构(IAEA)提供的天津地区1988~2001月降雨和同位素资料,分析了该地区大气降水的稳定同位素的组成和变化以及主要影响因素.天津大气降水线与我国东部季风区的局地大气降水线方程较为接近.大气降水同位素组成变化中的温度和降水效应较小,主要受季风以及季节水汽来源不同的影响,有显著的季节效应.     

Climatic significance of n-alkanes and their compound-specific dD values from lake surface sediments on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau

The content and hydrogen isotope ratios of n-alkanes extracted from recent lake surface sediments sampled from nine lakes in three different climate zones on the Southwestern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed.Values were compared with n-alkanes in plants from lake drainages,and dD values of meteoric water,lake water,and mean annual precipitation.The results showed that n-C23was predominantly derived from aquatic plants,and n-C27–n-C33from terrestrial higher plants.The average carbon chain length of n-C27–n-C33(ACL27–33)was positively correlated with the mean annual precipitation.dD values of the long-chain n-alkanes n-C29and n-C31of terrestrial origin(varying between-214%and-169%,and-226%and-185%,respectively)were inversely correlated with mean annual precipitation;but in accordance with the average annual variations in dD(OIPC),dD values of n-C31were strongly related to the dD values of growing season meteoric water(R2=0.74).The large difference between dD values of n-C23of aquatic origin and n-C31(an average of about 27%)demonstrates the enrichment of the lake water dD compared to precipitation,caused by strong evaporation in the semiarid–arid areas of the southwestern Tibetan Plateau.Average value of en C25 31=p(-95%)is evidently higher than the value observed in European wet regions(-128%);besides,en C31(about-116%)is constant along the study transect(SD=9),which indicates that n-C31is a useful proxy for the environment.     

Paleodietary changes by penguins and seals in association with Antarctic climate and sea ice extent

Positioned near the top of the food web, the dietary composition of Antarctic penguins and seals can be an excellent indicator of the regional food web and thus the status of the marine ecosystem. The dietary composition of modern penguins and seals has been well investigated; a long-term time series of data on penguin and seal diets, however, are rare. Such data, especially any predating the initiation of human harvesting of fish, whales and seals in Antarctica, are crucial for understanding and predicting responses of regional marine food webs to natural climate changes. Here we review recent progress on research of paleodietary change in Antarctic penguins and seals, specifically the Adelie penguin （Pygoscelis adeliae） and Antarctic fur seal （Arctocephalus gazella）. These studies indicate that the dietary changes of penguins correspond quite well with fluctuations in climate and sea ice extent during the Holocene. The depleted δ15N ratios found in modern Adelie penguins support the ＂krill surplus hypothesis＂ in relation to historic human depletion of krilleating fish, seals and whales.