北京市山区风景林现状分析及经营措施研究

对北京市山区风景林现状进行了分析,发现全市各区县山区风景林面积分布不均,主要集中在昌平区(8 022.1 hm2)、海淀区(5 881.9 hm2)、门头沟区(4 999.8 hm2)等少数几个区县,且有77%面积的山区风景林由中幼龄林构成。从风景林树种组成上来看,由纯林组成的风景林面积比例较大;树种也主要集中在少数几个树种上,不利于风景林林分稳定,也降低了风景林观赏性。针对北京市山区风景林现状,笔者提出采用分类经营措施,按照分类经营原则,将北京市山区风景林划分为游憩型风景林和生态型风景林,同时对风景林经营措施进行了初步探讨。     

茂兰喀斯特森林凋落物量的动态研究

对地处中亚热带的茂兰喀斯特森林的凋落物贮量、季节变化规律及年凋落量进行了研究。结果表明：茂兰喀斯特森林的年均凋落物量为2.86 t/hm2,与其他类型的森林相比,年均凋落物量较低。凋落物量各组分中,叶凋落量占绝大部分,常绿叶凋落量仅为落叶叶凋落量的1/2。在凋落量季节动态中,秋季(8至10月)为凋落量的高峰,且大多为落叶种类;而常绿种类叶凋落量全年较为平稳。这些规律是植物的生物生态学特性及对非地带性的喀斯特因素长期适应的结果。     

森林生态系统净初级生产力模拟研究

在英国爱丁堡大学森林生态系统碳循环SPA模型基础上,以栅格数据作为主要的数据源输入参数.将该模型从斑块尺度模型到区域尺度模型进行扩展,并以并行机群技术作为解决模型扩展后计算时间过长的手段,建立新的森林生态系统碳循环动态过程模型RSPA,并且利用该模型对福建省三明市2004年1-12月森林生态系统净初级生产力进行了空间可视化模拟与验证.     

大鼠心肌细胞的分离技术和电生理鉴定

采用酶消化法分离单个心肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钙电流.探索大鼠心肌细胞分离方法并进行电生理鉴定.结果显示,本方法分离所得心肌细胞横纹清晰,可获得90%～95%耐钙细胞,并具有正常电生理活性,易于形成高阻封接,可用于钙电流记录.本实验所采用的分离方法经济、简便、成功率高,并通过全细胞膜片钳记录证实该分离方法得到的细胞有正常的电生理特性.     

森林生态效益外部性的经济学分析

森林生态效益外部性具有数量庞大、时空转移性、持续复杂性等特征。森林生态效益外部性内在化是一个动态发展的过程。在对森林生态效益按其权属划分为宏观（国家级生态公益林生态效益）、中观（省、市级生态公益林森林效益）和微观（林业企业、基层林场）3个层次基础上,对各层次外部性和各类外部性应采取不同形式、不同程度的内在化途径。     

大鼠肝陷窝细胞分离、鉴定及纯度、活性分析

按Higgins等方法制作大鼠2／3肝切除（parital hepatectomy,PH）模型,用两步灌流法分散肝脏细胞,用60％ Percoll梯度离心结合免疫磁珠方法分离陷窝细胞（pit cell）,用分化抗原簇8（cluster of differentiation 8,CD8）和分化抗原簇56（cluster of differentiation 56,CD56）的免疫组织化学方法定性、定位再生肝（regenerating liver,RD、分散的肝脏细胞及分离的肝陷窝细胞,用RT—PCR定量肝陷窝细胞的CD8和CD56mRNA,用蛋白免疫印迹定量肝陷窝细胞的CD8和CD56蛋白．初步证实,分离的肝陷窝细胞中,CD8和CD56阳性细胞占95％以上;PH后各时间点分离的陷窝细胞的CD8和CD56的mRNA量稳定,相应的蛋白量亦稳定．表明改进的分离陷窝细胞方法具有收率和纯度高、活性好等特点,值得采用．     

浅谈林场职工思想政治教育工作

对于林杨职工来说,构建和谐的人际关系,既是构建社会主义和谐社会的必然要求,同时也为新时期林场恩想政治工作指明了目标和方向。     

Evolution of plant reproduction: From fusion and dispersal to interaction and communication

Based on the existing data concerning the evolution of the sexual reproduction, it is argued that the processes of sex differentiation and interactions play a key role in evolution. From the beginning environment and organism are unified. In a changing dynamic environment life originates and the interaction between life and environment develops from simple to more complex organisms. Sexual reproduction is introduced after the origin of meiosis and is a key process in evolution. The asexual reproduction process prepares to dispersal. Sexual reproduction process adds the genome renewal and the gamete-gamete interaction. Reproduction and dispersal are connected and the process of reproduction has similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction. Unicellular algae develop the physiological and morphological sex differentiation. Sex differentiation is connected with the way of dispersal. The step to multicellular plants introduces cell isolation after meiosis and by the stay on the mother plant within a cell or organ, plant-cell apoplastic interaction originates and by prolonged stay the plant-plant interaction. This stay influences the type of dispersal. A life cycle with alternation of generations and two moments of dispersal permits plants to go on land. In ferns a shift in the moment of sex differentiation to meiospore happens and the stay of the macrospore leads to the seed plants. In water all types of sexual reproduction, interactions and the alternation of generations are prepared and these are used to conquest land. On land the biotic dispersal is realized. The phylogeny of sexual reproduction reveals that the sex differentiation and interaction are the main causes in the evolution of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction shows interactions during gamete fusion, between organism and environment and in multicellular plants between organisms. With respect to other types of interaction as in symbiosis or the nutrient chain, interaction is considered as an important action which is based on a persisting cooperation and points to a push during evolution. The push is expressed as communication： the driving force in the evolution. Based on the interactions between organisms and interactions between organisms and the dynamic environment, communication is considered as a driving force leading to the evolution as explained in the development of plant reproduction. Consequences for reproduction, its regulation and the process of evolution are discussed.     

Effects of acetylene at low concentrations on nitrification, mineralization and microbial biomass nitrogen concentrations in forest soils

Temperate forest surface soils at the varying distances from main trunks (e.g., Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica) were used to study the effects of acetylene (C₂H₂) at low concentrations on nitrification, mineralization and microbial biomass N concentrations of the soils, and to assess the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soils. The use of acetylene at partial pressures within a range from 10 to 100 Pa C₂H₂ in headspace gas gave a significant decrease in N₂O emission at soil moisture of c. 45% water-filled porosity space, and the decrease was almost the same in each soil after exposure of C₂H₂ at low concentrations. Heterotrophic nitrification could account for 21%―48% of total N₂O emission from each soil; the contribution would increase with increasing distances from the Pinus koraiensis trunks rather than from the Quercus mongolica trunks. Under the experimental conditions, the use of C₂H₂ at low concentrations showed no significant influence on soil microbial biomass N, net N mineralization and microbial respiration. However, 100 Pa C₂H₂ in headspace gas could reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from soils. According to the rapid consumption of 10 Pa C₂H₂ by forest soils and convenience for laboratory incubations, 50 Pa C₂H₂ in headspace gas can be used to study the origin of N₂O emissions from forest soils under aerobic conditions and the key associated driving mechanisms. The N₂O and CO₂ emissions from the soils at the same distances from the Quercus mongolica trunks were larger than those from the Pinus koraiensis trunks, and both emissions decreased as the distances from trunks increased. The stepwise regression analysis showed that 95% of the variability in soil CO₂ emissions could be accounted for by the concentrations of soil total C and water soluble organic C and soil pH, and that 72% of the variability in soil N₂O emissions could be accounted for by the concentrations of soil total N, exchangeable NH⁺₄-N and microbial biomass N and 25% of the variability in heterotrophic nitrification by the soil microbial biomass N concentration. The emissions of N₂O and CO₂ from forest soils after exposure of C₂H₂ at low concentrations were positively related to the net nitrification of the soils.     

论县级退耕还林工程操作程序

文章就左权县退耕还林工作的实际操作程序逐一进行了分析,以此来说明县级退耕还林工作规范操作程序是非常重要的,它是县级退耕还林工作能否顺利完成的关键。