二维岛屿尾流近区流动参数的分布特性

为了深入研究尾流近区的流动规律 ,以便对岛屿后方的污染物混合输移特性有更清晰的了解 ,采用数字粒子图像测速 (digital particle image velocimetry,DPIV )技术 ,在恒定来流的工况下 ,分别对圆柱和正弦形状岛屿在尾流近区的速度分布进行了比较详细的测量 ,获得了大量的数据。文中着重从相似性的角度 ,对流速在长时间 (尾流摆动的一个周期 )内的平均值进行了分析。结果显示 ,沿程各断面的此种平均流速在归一化后具有一定的相似性 ,但是各断面归一化的紊动参数分布有很大的差别     

Characteristics of the island-arc pillow lavas from southeast Yunnan Province, and its tectonic implications for Paleo-Tethys in South China

Based on the geological mapping, it is suggested that the pillow lavas exposed in Jianshui area in southeastern Yunnan Province are emplaced into the western part of Shizong-Mile faults, the boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks, and mainly composed of tectonic massive of basalts and basaltic andsites. The geological and geochemical studies show that these lavas erupted in an island arc tectonic setting, which suggests that there existed the subduction of oceanic crust between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks. The paleontological fossils in the sedimentary interlayers between the volcanic rocks indicate that these pillow lavas erupted during Carboniferous-Permian. The geologic and geochemical evidence suggested that there existed an eastern branch of Paleo-Tethys between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks in southeastern Yunnan, South China.     

北京区域近地边界层特征数值模拟

用非静力平衡的中尺度模式MM5.V3模拟了北京地区2000年夏季7月10日—11日的风速和温度场等边界层特征。模式所采用的水平分辨率为1 km,以天安门为中心,选取东西80 km南北100 km的区域进行模拟。模拟结果表明城郊之间存在明显夏季热岛效应,市区和郊区的温差最大可达6～8 ℃;边界层风场受西北特殊地形的影响,白天盛行由南往北的上坡风,夜间转为由北向南的下坡风。并用气象观测站实测资料对模拟结果进行了验证,验证表明模拟是准确的。模拟结果有助于了解北京地区区域气候的形成、污染物扩散及制定相关城市规划。     

北京区域夏冬季风场、温度场的观测研究

用北京及市郊地区共14个地面气象观测站的全月数据顺序文件“D文件”提供的风场及温度资料,采用逐时月平均的方法对北京及周边地区的冬夏两季的风场,温度场特征进行了研究。研究结果表明:（1）北京区域夏季边界层风场受西北特殊地形的影响,夜间低层大气流场常表现为由北向南的下坡风,白天逐渐转为由南往北的上坡风。而在冬季,这种山地—平原的局地环流的现象消失。（2）夏季,城市西部海淀到丰台一带处在一个高温区,构成北京“热岛”的一个主要区域。而在冬季,海淀及海淀以北到丰台南部的地区是夜间的高温中心。     

Tropical cyclones and reproductive ecology of Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807 (Reptilia: Crocodilia: Crocodylidae) on a Caribbean atoll in Mexico

Crocodylus acutus, a coastal species nesting in sand beaches, could be affected by increasing tropical cyclone frequency. We studied key characteristics of C. acutus reproductive ecology on Banco Chinchorro atoll from 2006 to 2009, including the impact of two tropical cyclones. Hurricanes increased canopy openness causing earlier nesting the following year. Crocodiles nested at the beginning of the wet season with hatching in mid-wet season; this could represent a compromise between risking nest flooding and increasing freshwater availability for hatchlings. Tropical cyclones dramatically reduced nesting success by cooling and flooding clutches. Nursery sites were usually hypersaline, but heavy rainfall from tropical cyclones can likely benefit hatchling survival by decreasing salinity. While tropical cyclones have negative short-term impacts on crocodile nesting, they likely have an overall beneficial effect by creating and maintaining open sandy nesting areas used by C. acutus and they may explain its widespread distribution in Caribbean coastal areas.     

岛屿争端中国家间博弈模型与策略仿真分析

岛屿争端通常涉及国家的核心利益及国际形象,根据岛屿争端问题的特点和相关国家可能采取的行为,研究了针对岛屿争端问题的国家间博弈模型,并对相关国家的策略进行了仿真分析。首先,将主动型国家和被动型国家的行为交互描述为一个随机博弈,并建立相应的博弈模型;然后,应用该模型分析主动型国家的期望行为和被动型国家的防守行为;最后,用计算机仿真分析相关国家的行为能力变化时对其策略选择和最终收益的影响。研究成果将为有岛屿争端问题的相关国家制定策略时提供有益的参考。     

The first vertebrate fossil from Socotra Island (Yemen) is an early Holocene Egyptian fruit bat

Data on the prehistoric biota of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) are scarce. We report on the first extinct vertebrate ever recorded from this western Indian Ocean island group. An exceptionally preserved adult specimen of Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus was found in a calcite flowstone in Hoq Cave on the NE coast of Socotra Island. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating on bone fragments estimates the fossil at ca. 7600–7400 cal a BP (radiocarbon age 6669 ± 70 ¹⁴C a BP) corresponding to an early Holocene wet period in southern Arabia and the Horn of Africa. Morphometric analysis of the skull compared to Recent specimens from the neighbouring mainlands finds the fossil morphologically most similar to Egyptian (Nile Valley and Libyan Desert), not to East African or Middle Eastern populations. The species is currently absent from the Horn of Africa (Somalia and Eastern Ethiopia). Although potentially a stray individual, we also discuss the palaeoenvironmental implications under the hypothetical scenario that the fruit bat is a remnant of an extinct resident population. If so, the extinction of an important pollinator and seed disperser may have impacted the Socotran terrestrial ecosystems.     

浙江沿海岛屿旅游可持续发展评价研究——以嵊泗列岛为例

在借鉴国内外海岛旅游可持续发展评价研究最新成果的基础上,综合运用地理学、环境科学、生态学等理论和方法,构建海岛旅游可持续发展评价指标体系,并以嵊泗列岛为例进行实证研究,验证了所构建的海岛旅游可持续发展评价指标体系的合理性和可行性,以期为我国海岛旅游可持续发展研究提供框架和参考,并为制定海岛旅游可持续发展相关决策提供科学依据和技术支持.     

海南岛山地体育旅游资源调查与发展战略研究

依据国家标准《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》（GB/T18972—2003）、《旅游学》和《体育学》理论,对海南岛山地体育旅游资源形成的原因、机理和分布进行了调查,探讨了山地体育旅游理念和特征,对山地体育旅游资源进行了单体分类和统计,评价了山地体育旅游资源的开发现状,为进一步论证山地体育旅游在国际旅游岛建设中的发展战略提供了理论依据。     

城市热岛效应的红外遥感研究进展

气象卫星监测的红外遥感资料已被广泛用于研究城市热岛,进行地物分类,并作为一些地表、大气交换模型的输入数据。回顾了利用卫星红外遥感数据对城市热岛效应的研究进展,包括早期的研究及发展,并提出当前城市热岛效应研究存在的问题和对未来研究方向的展望。