Entropy equilibrium equation and dynamic entropy production in environment liquid

The entropy equilibrium equation is the basis of the nonequilibrium state thermodynamics. But the internal energy implies the kinetic energy of the fluid micelle relative to mass center in the classical entropy equilibrium equation at present. This internal energy is not the mean kinetic energy of molecular movement in thermodynamics. Here a modified entropy equilibrium equation is deduced, based on the concept that the internal energy is just the mean kinetic energy of the molecular movement. A dynamic entropy production is introduced into the entropy equilibrium equation to describe the dynamic process distinctly. This modified entropy equilibrium equation can describe not only the entropy variation of the irreversible processes but also the reversible processes in a thermodynamic system. It is more reasonable and suitable for wider applications.     

电化学法治疗肿瘤的研究进展

恶性肿瘤是威胁人类生命健康的主要疾患，电化学法（ECT）是近年发民起来的治疗恶性肿瘤的新技术，最常见的方法有直流电化学法和电脉冲辅助抗癌药物治疗法，根据近20年的文献资料综述了国内外学者应用电化学法治疗肿瘤的机理研究、实施方法以及在动物试验与临床应用方面的研究进展。大量的研究表明，电化学法是一种操作简便、疗效好、安全性较佳的肿瘤治疗法，目前正处于临床应用研究阶段。在此基础上，提出了一种新的电化学法即能量可控陡脉冲肿瘤治疗法，单纯利用电脉冲对细胞膜的不可逆击穿，杀死肿瘤细胞，并介绍了该方法的初期研究成果。     

一类不可逆卡诺制冷机的最佳制冷率与制冷系数间的相互关系

基于传热规律Q∝△T^n，研究一类受热阻、热漏及循环内部不可逆性影响的卡诺制冷机，导出制冷机的最佳制冷率与制冷系数间的相互关系，并阐述了这一关系对研究实际制冷机的优化性能及性能界限具有重要意义。     

不可逆热力学的等熵产面及其在化学中的应用

在以广义力为基矢的线性空间中构造一个等熵产面 ,阐述该面的几何性质及其意义以及在输运过程和化学反应中的应用     

不可逆过程与时间无关的热力学解释

把内变量演化方程定义在时间的点集上,结合讨论ClausiusDuhem不等式,证明了一致性条件成立的判别准则,为建立时间相关—时间无关统一的本构关系打下了基础.     

Thermal vibration phenomenon of single phase lagging heat conduction and its thermodynamic basis

In the present work it is shown that the single phase lagging heat conduction not only avoids the infinite heat propagation speed assumed by the conventional Fourier law, but also complies with Galilean principle of relativity. Therefore it is more advantageous than the Cattaneo-Vernotte model. Based on the single-phase-lagging heat conduction model, the condition for the occurrence of thermal vibration of heat conduction is established. In order to resolve the contradiction that the thermal vibration violates the second law of thermodynamics, the extended irreversible thermodynamics is improved and a generalized entropy definition is introduced. In the framework of the newly-developed extended irreversible thermodynamics the thermal vibration phenomena are consistent with the second law of thermodynamics.     

大气中二羰基化合物及其生成的二次有机气溶胶

二次有机气溶胶(secondary organic aerosol, SOA)对大气灰霾的贡献是当前大气化学研究的热点. 二羰基化合物(乙二醛和甲基乙二醛)是大气光化学反应的中间产物, 可以通过多种途径形成SOA, 对SOA的形成和总量增加有重要的贡献. 大气中二羰基化合物主要来源于生物源(如异戊二烯)和人为源(如乙炔)等挥发性有机物的氧化. 二羰基化合物可通过气粒分配(可逆过程)形成SOA, 也可被云、雾或水相气溶胶吸收, 发生水合、聚合、氧化等反应,生成的低挥发性产物留在颗粒相中生成SOA(不可逆过程). 目前常用的二羰基化合物检测方法是利用衍生化试剂与二羰基化合物反应生成衍生物, 经溶剂洗脱后再用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC/MS)仪进行分析.     

Simulation of mesoscale interfacial properties using the lattice Boltzmann method

We derive the mesoscopic interparticle potentials from macroscopic thermodynamics for van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, and Redlich-Kwong-Soave equations of state and find that all these potentials are very similar to the Lennard-Jones potential. To in-vestigate the interfacial property at the mesoscale level, we incorporate free energy functions into the single-component multiphase lattice Boltzmann model and obtain the saturated density coexistence curves and interface mass density profiles across the interface using this method with different equations of state. The simulation results accurately reproduce the properties of equilibrium thermodynamics. Numerical results for single-component phase transitions indicate that a bubble-growth process is obtained and the equilibrium phase diagram is achieved at a given temperature. Bulk free energy, the interfacial energy coefficient, and other properties of nonequilibrium thermodynamic parameters, which are used to examine interfacial properties, are obtained in these simulations, and all these parameters are found to obey irreversible thermodynamics.     

2个相同的宏观系统间传热不可逆的微观证明

从微观角度对2个相同的宏观系统间传热前、后的微观状态数进行了计算和比较,利用Boltzmann关系证明了总熵增加,并通过对系统间传热前、后微观状态数的数量级估计,证明了过程的不可逆性.     

克劳修斯不等式的一个证明

构造一个G—I系统,直接运用热力学第二定律的克劳修斯表述,给出克劳修斯不等式的简明便捷的证明。