ABS／LLDPE共混物熔体流变特性

采用毛细管流变仪测试了ABS/LLDPE共混物熔体的流变特性,发现共混物熔体的流动活化能对剪切速率非常敏感,熔体的剪切粘度随着LLDPE增加,剪切粘度迅速下降,同时讨论了ABS/LLDPE共混物微观相作用。     

发动机叶片-轮盘结构动态特性及形状优化研究进展

分析了国内外对叶片-轮盘结构动态特性及形状优化设计研究的现状,指出为了提高发动机的性能指标和工作可靠性,应充分利用这类结构的循环对称特点,将叶片-轮盘结构的动态特性分析与形状优化设计相结合,并提出了这一方法的思路.     

冷弯薄壁方钢管混凝土梁的荷载-位移滞回性能研究

进行6根冷弯薄壁方钢管混凝土简支梁在循环荷载作用下的试验,研究了试件的破坏形态,并对其荷载-位移滞回关系曲线及其骨架曲线进行分析,研究其在不同参数下的滞回性能、延性等重要抗震性能指标.得到的主要结论如下：⑴冷弯薄壁方钢管混凝土简支梁荷载-位移滞回曲线呈梭形,较为饱满,没有出现明显的捏缩现象,表明构件具有较好的延性和耗能能力.⑵宽厚比越小,滞回曲线梭形越饱满;跨高比越小,滞回曲线梭形也越饱满,构件的塑性变形能力越强,具备更好的地震吸收能力和优越的抗震能力.⑶比较荷载-位移滞回曲线的骨架曲线,不同参数对冷弯薄壁方钢管混凝土梁的竖向承载力影响很大.     

头孢吡肟在玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究

在0.1 mol·L-1KH2PO4-NaOH(pH=8.0)介质中,头孢吡肟在玻碳电极上产生-灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电流Ip与头孢吡肟在5.2×10-6～2.6×10-5mol·L-1内有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6),检出限为5.13×10-9mol·L-1,回收率98.33%,RSD为2.12%.用线性扫描和循环伏安法研究了体系性质,结果表明,头孢吡肟的电极过程为具有吸附的不可逆过程,电极反应转移电子数为2.     

Indirect sperm transfer and sexual differences of Erythraeus phalangioides (De Geer), (Prostigmata,Erythraeidae)

The spermatophore and morphological differences in the sexual organs of Erythraeus phalangioides (De Geer) as well as the reproductive behaviour of males are described.     

Mandibular teeth in Chalcidoidea: function and phylogeny

Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were surveyed for presence of a specialized ventroapical mandibular tooth that is formed through modification of a seta into a stout socketed spine. An almost identical tooth is found in a homologous position in Coccophaginae (Aphelinidae), Eriaphytinae (Aphelinidae), Calesinae (Aphelinidae or incertae sedis), and Habrolepidini (Encyrtidae), but nowhere else within Chalcidoidea. Although the tooth represents a synapomorphy for genera within each of these higher taxa, it appears to be independently derived on the basis of other morphological and biochemical evidence. Observations of Comperiella bifasciata and Encarsia sp. nr. perniciosi emerging from California Red Scale show that the tooth is used for shearing off pieces of the mummified host remains and the scale cover during formation of the exit hole. The tooth occurs in both sexes, and in taxa with a broad host range such as Encarsia, which attack both armoured scales and whiteflies. Problems associated with character homology, function and phylogeny are discussed.     

The evolution of prey‐wrapping behaviour in spiders

We traced the evolution of silk use by spiders in attacks on prey by combining previous publications with new observations of 31 species in 16 families. Two new prey‐wrapping techniques are described. One, in which the spider holds a tense line (often covered with viscid silk) with both legs IV and applies it to the prey with a simultaneous movement of both legs, may be a synapomorphy linking Theridiidae, Nesticidae, and Synotaxidae. The other, in which the spider stands over the prey and turns in place, is apparently very ancient; it occurs in Theraphosidae, Tengellidae, and Agelenidae. The use of legs IV to wrap prey is described for the first time in Filistatidae and Scytodidae. Using a recent phylogeny of spiders, we propose that prey wrapping with legs IV has evolved convergently at least four times. We propose that prey wrapping originally evolved from egg‐sac construction behaviour.     

Web decoration polymorphism in Argiope Audouin, 1826 (Araneidae) spiders: ontogenetic and interspecific variation

Spiders in the genus Argiope commonly include curious silk structures, termed web decorations or stabilimenta in their webs. Whilst interesting ontogenetic and interspecific variation in both the form and frequency of web decorations has been documented, to our knowledge this is the first study to compare this variation across a number of decorating species. Here we show that two sympatric species A. picta and A. aetherea construct different forms of web decorations as adults and that A. picta decorates at a higher frequency than A. aetherea. Furthermore, this difference in decoration frequency may be related to the different decoration forms (linear or cruciate) across this genus. We also show that native bees responded significantly more quickly to cruciate decorations than to linear decorations. Here we argue that consideration of the different decoration forms and the frequency at which spiders adorn their webs may help illuminate possible context‐dependent functions for these curious structures.     

Breeding behaviour of Bokermannohyla nanuzae (Anura: Hylidae) at an Atlantic Forest site in southeastern Brazil

We studied the breeding activities of Bokermannohyla nanuzae at an Atlantic Forest site in southeastern Brazil from August 2010 to April 2012. We described courtship behaviour, acoustic parameters of calls, egg clutch features and the egg-laying site, and characterized the reproductive mode. We recorded calling males and gravid females almost year-round, except for a few months in the dry season. We observed the interaction of five male–female pairs that exhibited stereotyped behavioural sequences including visual and tactile signals. We identified three different types of calls that we considered as the advertisement call and two types of courtship calls. Egg clutches were placed in rocky crevices with water or in streamside puddles, among rocks, that would be likely to be flooded as stream water level raises, which characterizes a reproductive mode different from the one previously recognized for this species. The breeding biology of B. nanuzae is complex, with elaborate courtship behaviour and signalling.     

Larval development and emigration behaviour during sea-to-land transition of the land hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae) under laboratory conditions

To determine the early life history of the land hermit crab Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852, larvae were cultured individually in the laboratory. The zoeal and the megalopal stages are described and illustrated. The larvae developed through four planktonic zoeal stages to the megalopal stage. The major differences in the zoeal characters between C. brevimanus and other described Coenobita species were found in the armature of the pleomeres, whereas the character of pleomeres of C. brevimanus zoeae is the same as that of the coconut crab Birgus latro, a different genus in the same family. Morphological similarity was also found in segmentations of antennules and antennae in megalopae between C. brevimanus and the coconut crab. Megalopae of C. brevimanus were cultured in containers holding seawater and a hard substrate. These crabs migrate from the sea to land after developing a habit of acquiring gastropod shells.