Enemy-induced dispersal in a parasitic wasp

Females of the parasitic waspAphidius uzbekistanicus, a specialist aphid primary parasitoid, react to the presence of their specialist hyperparasitoid enemyAlloxysta victrix by leaving the area. The wasps leave to increase their reproductive success, because only their offspring, but not the wasps themselves, are threatened by enemy attack. Furthermore, this dispersal is elicited through the action of volatile chemical cues produced by the hyperparasitoids. We provide evidence for 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one being one of the volatiles eliciting dispersal. The tendency of the wasps to leave areas which are being colonized by their enemies reduces their efficiency as aphid antagonists.     

聚天冬氨酸型阻垢剂的合成

应用一步合成原理制备出聚天冬氨酸型阻垢剂，根据对阻垢能力的测定，讨论合成工艺对抑制钙结晶性能的影响因素，确定出最佳工艺条件。     

劲性钢筋砼组合框架动力性能的试验研究

通过一榀１／３比例的两跨三层钢梁（ｓ）——砼内含角钢桁架柱（ｓｃ）组合框架的等效单自由度体系的拟动力试验，考察了该结构在（不同烈度）地震荷载作用下的动力反应全过程，同时，根据试验结果，对该结构的动力特性进行了研究     

一类Volterra反应扩散方程

我们在本文考虑带Robin边界条件的半线性Volterra生物群体反应扩散方程u_t=Lu-bu~2-uf*u其中L是具有光滑系数a_(ti),a_i的二阶线性一致椭圆算子。此外,a,b是某些正常数,f*u是由ds定义的卷积。我们确定了非负全局有界解的存在性和唯一性,并且证明了当t→∞时解的渐近性质。我们的主要工具是Banach不动点原理和比较方法。     

Feedback forecasting games: An overview

The range and rationales for forecasting schemes involving feedback are surveyed. Classic Delphi schemes involve an iterated exchange of information between a small group of experts in the pursuit of efficiencies arising from the ‘collective mind’. In other applications the event or state to be forecast may itself depend upon the forecast, and feedback forecasting schemes can be derived to allow for such reflexivity. Most situations of informational feedback are at least implicitly informational or predictive games, and a recognition of this character may help in understanding the possible or likely outcomes, including their social desirability. Various informational transfer devices such as real time surveys may speed up the process of feedback.     

Latice Deformation and Meso-Phase Structure in Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)From Solid State Coextrusion

The development of crystalline and Meso-phase structure by solid state extrusion from50℃ to 90℃ is studied for PET. The unit cell parameters of stress-induced crystallites inextrudates are determined as a function of extrusion draw ratio (EDR), and ext     

抗痴方（ADR）对老年记忆减退鼠行为变化的影响及预防作用探讨

探讨ＡＤＲ对老年记忆减退鼠学习记忆行为为有无改善作用,以及是否能延缓老年记忆减退的产生。方法：采用Ｍｏｒｉｓ水迷宫、被动回避行为测试、开场行为测试等方法,测定给药前后小鼠的行为变化。ＡＤＲ由当归、白芍、锁阳等组成。水煎,浓缩。治疗剂量：０１ｍｇ／ｍｌ;预防性用药剂量：００２％（体积比）。老年记忆减退鼠由Ｍｏｒｉｓ水迷宫筛选出,并随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组每天灌胃１次,每次每１０ｇ体重０３ｍＬ,连续１个月;对照组灌等量生理盐水。预防性用药从１４～１８个月开始,随机分为４组,分别用药经２个月、４个月和６个月;另设一对照组。结果：老年记忆减退治疗组与对照组比较,Ｍｏｒｉｓ水迷宫潜伏期缩短（Ｐ＜００５）,被动回避行为潜伏期延长（Ｐ＜００５）;预防性用药４月组和６月组与对照组比较,Ｍｏｒｉｓ水迷宫潜伏期缩短（Ｐ＜００５和Ｐ＜００１）;用药６月组平台圆所用时间延长（Ｐ＜００１）,入水４秒后游泳轨迹方向有差异（Ｐ＜００５）,老年记忆减退鼠筛出率降低（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：ＡＤＲ可改善老年记忆功能减退,并对预防其产生具有一定作用     

4109 航空润滑油弹流拖动特性分析

采用自行研制的试验装置,模拟实际工况对４１０９国产航空润滑油进行了不同条件下的拖动力试验,提出了可供工程实际应用的４１０９航空润滑油弹流拖动系数的计算公式,并对润滑油的流变特性进行了分析。     

Animal culture: But of which kind?

Is animal culture a real entity or is it rather just in the eye of the beholder? The concept of culture began to be increasingly used in the context of animal behaviour research around the 1960s. Despite its success, it is not clear that it represents what philosophers have traditionally thought to be a natural kind. In this article I will show, however, how conceiving of animal culture in this fashion has played a role in the “culture wars”, and what lessons we can draw from this. First, an analysis of the epistemological landscape of author keywords related to the concept of animal cultures is presented, thus vindicating the centrality of the concept in describing a broad range of findings. A minimal definition that encompasses the multiple strands of research incorporating the notion of culture is proposed. I then systematically enumerate the ways in which culture thus conceived cannot be considered a natural kind in the study of animal behaviour. This is accomplished by reviewing the efforts and possibilities of anchoring the elusive idea in specific mechanisms, homologies, selection pressures, homeostatic property clusters, or alternatively, its reduction or elimination. Finally, a plausible interpretation of the scientific status of the animal culture concept is suggested that is compatible with both its well established use in animal behaviour research and its inferential limitations. Culture plays the role of a well-established epistemic kind, a node that connects different areas of research on common themes.     

化学降解对IPP流变性能的影响

通过双螺杆混炼挤出造粒，制备了加有不同添加量的化学发改进剂的一系列试样，采用凝胶渗透色谱，ＨＡＡＫＥ流变 等，研究了ＩＰＰ经化学降解的相对分子质量，分子量分布，讨论了解ＩＰＰ分子量分布变窄的机理，分析了熔体在相对静止状态及受力流动时分子运动及流变性能的影响因素。