A new Agriotypus from Burma and redescription of A. gracilis Waterson (Hymenoptera: Agriotypidae)

A new species of Agriotypus Curtis, viz., Agriotypus kambaitensis is described from Burma and the Japanese species, A. gracilis Waterson is redescribed. A key to distinguish the known species of Agriotypus is given.     

Reproductive biology of Scinax fuscomarginatus (Anura,Hylidae) in south‐eastern Brazil

The present study describes the reproductive biology of Scinax fuscomarginatus in a remnant of Cerrado in south‐eastern Brazil. Observations were made between September 2002 and March 2004 at Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, State of São Paulo, south‐eastern Brazil. Breeding activities occurred in lentic and temporary bodies of water during the rainy season. Scinax fuscomarginatus exhibited a prolonged breeding pattern and a lek mating system. Males were smaller than females and defended individual calling areas through acoustic and physical interactions. Resident males consistently won encounters, but did not differ in size or mass from intruder males. Satellite behaviour was observed, but no female or amplected pair interception was registered. Scinax fuscomarginatus exhibited low operational sex ratios and the general reproductive mode in which eggs are laid in the water and tadpoles are aquatic. Amplexus was axillary and the eggs were deposited at the bottom of temporary ponds. Details on oocytes, egg masses, and eggs are included.     

Female treehoppers camouflage behaviour is evidenced during oviposition on wild shrubs

Various species of treehoppers possess a structure known as ‘helmet’ that may work as a camouflage feature (i.e. masquerade) by mimicking plant thorns. The helmet is expected to provide an adaptive advantage against predators if treehoppers choose to stay closer to thorns during times of vulnerability. The treehopper Enchenopa brasiliensis Strümpel possess a helmet that visually resembles the leaf thorns of its host plant, the wolf apple shrub Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill. In a field study, I examined the hypothesis that females of E. brasiliensis exhibit a potential camouflage behaviour by choosing to oviposit next to leaf thorns of S. lycocarpum. In fact, the results reveal that females of E. brasiliensis preferred to oviposit mostly on leaf midribs of S. lycocarpum possessing thorns as opposed to those without thorns. Additionally, females preferred to lay eggs closer to larger clusters of midrib thorns. This finding suggests that this oviposition/camouflage behaviour will likely increase the chances of female treehoppers being misidentified by predators; therefore, characterizing the mechanism of masquerade/deceptive resemblance. In a broader sense, this study also provides further evidence on how the narrow ecological relationships between plants and specialist herbivores can fuel the evolution of specific behavioural adaptations.     

实时织物悬垂性能物理模型及应用

快速计算机模拟和仿真技术是纺织物、服装的计算机辅助设计和制造的关键技术组成．逼真的纺织物、布料、服装的三维计算机可视化设计在其他许多领域也非常重要．例如在3DCG电影制作中逼真的计算机服装动态特效、3D电脑游戏、网上购物等．本文着重于计算方法，综述和分析了服装物理模型及其应用的最新进展，探讨了当前主要存在的问题，技术挑战，和可能的解决方案．提出了一种基于变形能的服装悬垂模型及算法，并展示了仿真结果．本文所提出的模型适用于纺织物、服装的快速计算机三维动态模拟．另外，也提出和探讨了识别纺织物材料的复杂动态变形材料性能参数的可能性方案．     

碳分子筛的制法、性质和用途

本文综述了碳分子筛的制法、性质和用途，论述了碳分子筛的研究进展，指出碳分 子筛的优越性在于它具有潜在新用途，加强这方面的研究是化学、化工工作者探讨的领域之 一。     

苏州拙政园游客行为调查与分析

园林是苏州最重要的旅游资源 ,园林开发程度的高下直接关系到苏州旅游业的发展规模和速度。本文以拙政园为例 ,通过对拙政园国内游客行为进行调查与分析 ,得出游客出游的基本规律及游客对该园林的改进意见 ,并在此基础上提出发展苏州旅游业的几点建议。     

The evolution of nest building and communal nesting in Ageniellini (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Pompilid wasps prey upon spiders and use a single spider per nest cell. The majority of species dig simple burrows in the soil in which to cache their spider, on which an egg is laid. The nest is not revisited, but another nest is prepared elsewhere. However, members of the tribe Ageniellini show much diversity in nesting behaviour. Species of the genus Ageniella nest in pre-existing cavities in the soil, closing off their cells with bits of debris. Most other Ageniellini that have been studied carry water to make mud pellets, from which ovoid nest cells are made. Usually a series of such cells is made in close proximity, often under loose bark or stones or in hollow stems. A few species make free nests above ground, usually in protected places or with thick mud walls. In some cases nest sites are known to be re-occupied by members of successive generations. Several species are known to nest communally, co-operating in nest defense and in cell building. In many ways the evolution of nesting behaviour in this group parallels that in the mud-using Vespidae, but the use of a single prey per cell precludes development of progressive provisioning and of eusociality similar to that of many Vespidae.     

新型超塑化剂Supercizer—6工程效果的试验研究

超塑化剂是配制高性能砼不可缺少的组合。通过与ＦＤＮ的对比试验， 新型超塑化剂Ｓｕｐｅｒｃｉｚｅｒ－６的工程效果。结果表明：Ｓ－６基本不含Ｃｌ＾－，ＳＯ＾２－４等有害成分，掺少量Ｓ－６可有效提高水泥净浆、砂浆，砼的流动性，且各龄期的抗折，抗压强度及其发展规律基本不变；     

填充床中细小颗粒渗流行为的DEM模拟

为进一步探索COREX过程固体物料的运动状态,对COREX过程中涉及到的细小颗粒渗流行为进行了DEM模拟。考察不同颗粒直径比、阻尼系数及滑动摩擦系数对细小颗粒渗流行为的影响,特别是计算得到不同模拟参数下细小颗粒在填充床内的运动轨迹。模拟结果显示,渗流过程中细小颗粒的平均渗流速度为一定值。随着颗粒直径比的增加,颗粒竖直方向的渗流速度逐渐减小,停留时间与径向弥散逐渐变大。随着颗粒间阻尼系数的增加,颗粒渗流速度逐渐增加,停留时间逐渐减小,径向弥散逐渐变小。滑动摩擦系数对细小颗粒的渗流行为影响较小。从细小颗粒运动轨迹分析可知,颗粒直径比变大时,细小颗粒易在空隙中缓慢移动,易趋于静止床层中,导致颗粒沉积。随着颗粒间阻尼系数变小,颗粒运动轨迹向填充床边缘发展,偏离床层中心。     

山西五鹿山地区褐马鸡集群行为研究

1997和 1998年冬季对山西南部五鹿山地区褐马鸡的集群行为进行了调查 .结果表明 ,在不同的生境类型中 ,褐马鸡集群倾向略有不同 .群体大小在不同的生境中没有显著差异(Kruskal Wallis检验 ,χ2 =2 .2 7,p =0 .32 0 9,n =2 8) .褐马鸡的集群大小存在着月份间的差异 .对集群大小与月温度的相关分析表明 ,两者之间存在着显著的负相关关系 (r =- 0 .8399,p <0 0 5) .通过对五鹿山地区和芦芽山自然保护区褐马鸡的群体大小的比较 ,发现存在显著差异(Mann WhitneyU检验 ,Z =- 3 3959,p =0 0 0 7,n =4 1) ,可能与这 2个地区捕食压力和食物特征不同有关