重金属离子对葡萄糖氧化酶电极抑制作用的研究

采用二氧化硅溶胶-凝胶固定化酶技术制备了葡萄糖氧化酶电极,优化了酶电极的工作条件。考察了酶电极的响应性能以及Hg^2＋,Fe^3＋等重金属离子对酶电极响应的抑制影响。实验结果表明在E=0．8V,pH=5．0,θ=25℃时,Hg^2＋,Fe^3＋的存在抑制了酶电极对葡萄糖的电流响应,且抑制电流的大小和重金属离子浓度在一定范围呈线性关系,线性范围分别是0～1．5μmot／L和0～60μmol／L。将被抑制的酶电极浸入EDTA溶液中10min后,酶电极可以恢复部分响应性能。     

胞外高铁肌红蛋白还原酶电子传递活性位点的研究

以NADH为反应体系的启动剂,研究猪心肌提取液中高铁肌红蛋白还原酶(MetMbase)活性的表达,实验结果证实酶活性的表达依赖NADH启动,且0.2 mM NADH浓度可充分启动MetMbase活性的表达.研究还表明, ATP可全程抑制MetMbase呼吸链电子的传递,抑制酶的活性; NaN_3通过阻断呼吸链第三位点电子传递来抑制酶活性的表达;而N-Ethylmaleimide能与MetMbase官能团巯基(-SH)瞬间结合并快速使酶活性丧失;二价金属离子能干扰活性的表达,Zn~(2+)可促进MetMbase活性的表达;而Cu~(2+)和Mg~(2+)均抑制酶活性的表达,且Mg~(2+)抑制强度大于Cu~(2+).金属螯合剂EDTA可掩蔽自由金属离子对MetMbase酶促反应的干扰,改善酶活性的表达.     

平行板纳米通道中生物分子迁移的分子模拟

基于GROMACS程序包,建立了蛋白质分子和离子在平板型纳米通道内的流动模型,对3.1 nm高的平行板纳米通道内的迁移过程进行了分子模拟,并对均方根偏差分布、水分子密度分布、离子浓度分布等模拟结果进行了讨论.结果表明:水分子在壁面附近出现分层现象,并且形成致密层,密度达到2 500 kg/m3,在中间区域分布平稳;蛋白质分子在离子和电场作用下做翻转和平移运动,沿着电场方向通过管道;通过比较通道表面带电和不带电两种情况下的粒子分布,得出通道壁面对溶液中离子的静电作用是出现"电荷倒置"现象的原因.     

三角对称晶体场中3d3,7离子电子顺磁共振参量的严格微观表示式及其对半导体ZnO:Co2+的应用

根据唯象自旋哈密顿和微观相互作用之间的近似等效性，本文导出了３ｄ３，７离子在三角对称四面体场中的基态４Ａ２（Ｆ）的电子顺磁共振参量的微观公式．利用这些公式和对角化１２０阶能量矩阵，可以统一地解释ＺｎＯ：Ｃｏ２＋的光吸收和电子顺磁共振谱     

电荷对VFn±（n=0,1,2）双原子分子离子光谱与分析势能函数的影响

用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p)方法对VFn±(n=0,1,2)分子离子的势能函数及光谱常数进行了分析,结果表明它们都能稳定存在,其基态电子态分别为5Π(VF),4Σ(VF+),4Σ(VF-),3Σ(VF2+),5Σ(VF2-),其中2价离子的势能函数曲线明显呈"火山口"型,属于亚稳态分子离子,用8参数Murrell-Sorbie势拟合2价亚稳态双原子分子离子势能函数得到的拟合曲线与势能扫描点符合得非常好,而4参数Murrell-Sorbie势对2价离子的拟合与势能扫描点有较大的差距.     

镉离子对红鲫鱼血红细胞微核和核异常的影响研究

研究了镉离子对红鲫鱼血红细胞微核和核异常的影响。结果显示,镉对鲫鱼具有一定的遗传毒性,会对鲫鱼的血红细胞微核率、核异常率和总核异常率产生较大的影响。     

硫化矿浮选体系中金属离子对石英浮选行为的影响

基于硫化矿物浮选过程中,尽管硫化矿物与石英的可浮性差异很大,但二氧化硅仍是硫化矿精矿中含量最高的杂质组分,是影响硫化矿物精矿质量的主要因素,对硫化矿物浮选体系中常见金属离子存在条件下戊基黄药浮选石英的行为规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:导致硫化矿精矿中石英含量高的主要原因之一是硫化矿浮选体系中存在的某些金属对石英具有活化浮选作用;Fe3+,Pb2+和Cu2+在合适的pH区间可以活化石英的浮选,而Ca2+,Mg2+和Fe2+对其可浮性没有明显影响;在浮选体系中,Fe3+,Pb2+,Cu2+,Ca2+,Mg2+和Fe2+这6种金属离子均可在石英表面吸附,但只有Fe3+,Pb2+和Cu2+作用后的石英表面可以吸附戊基钾黄药,从而活化石英浮选;溶液化学计算表明:金属离子的羟基络合物和氢氧化物是离子起活化作用的有效组分。     

低合金耐候钢在含氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为

利用干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验对比研究了低合金钢A588和SPA--H在含氯离子环境下腐蚀行为,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和电子探针等方法分析了Ni、Mn对于低合金钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:实验钢锈层中的物质主要由α--FeOOH、γ--FeOOH和Fe3O4组成,但其含量存在差异;Ni元素在内锈层含量高于外锈层,Mn元素在锈层的孔洞处富集;内锈层的致密程度高于外锈层;提高合金元素Mn和Ni的含量,可以提高内锈层的致密性,从而提高低合金钢的耐蚀性能.     

Investigation of the effects of copper ions on protein aggregation using a model system

Protein aggregation is a notable feature of various human disorders, including Parkinsons disease, Alzheimers disease and many others systemic amyloidoses. An increasing number of observations in vitro suggest that transition metals are able to accelerate the aggregation process of several proteins found in pathological deposits, e.g. -synuclein, amyloid (A) peptide, ₂-microglobulin and fragments of the prion protein. Here we report the effects of metal ions on the aggregation rate of human muscle acylphosphatase, a suitable model system for aggregation studies in vitro. Among the different species tested, Cu²⁺ produced the most remarkable acceleration of aggregation, the rate of the process being 2.5-fold higher in the presence of 0.1 mM metal concentration. Data reported in the literature suggest the possible role played by histidine residues or negatively charged clusters present in the amino acid sequence in Cu²⁺-mediated aggregation of pathological proteins. Acylphosphatase does not contain histidine residues and is a basic protein. A number of histidine-containing mutational variants of acylphosphatase were produced to evaluate the importance of histidine in the aggregation process. The Cu²⁺-induced acceleration of aggregation was not significantly altered in the protein variants. The different aggregation rates shown by each variant were entirely explained by the changes of hydrophobicity or propensity to form a structure introduced by the point mutation. The effect of Cu²⁺ on acylphosphatase aggregation cannot therefore be attributed to the specific factors usually invoked in the aggregation of pathological proteins. The effect, rather, seems to be a general related to the chemistry of the polypeptide backbone and could represent an additional deleterious factor resulting from the alteration of the homeostasis of metal ions in cells.Received 4 December 2003; received after revision 7 January 2004; accepted 3 February 2004     

Ionization and dissociation of CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>I<Subscript>2</Subscript> and CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>ICl in femtosecond intense field

With the development of ultrafast laser technique,the femtosecond laser electric field is comparable to themolecular field experienced by valence electrons. In thiscase, the classical quantum mechanical theory, based onperturbation theory, becomes inapplicable. Theoreticalunderstanding of the interaction of molecules with intenselaser radiation is quite difficult. The Coulomb explosionhas been extensively studied[1—10] and explained by somesemiclassical models, such as the above threshold ion…