Ice core dust particulate by XPS-SEM/EDAX

The ice core dust particulate sampled from Mt. Xixabangma has been analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (SEM/EDAX). The results show that the contents of SO ₄ ²⁻ and SO ₄ ²⁻ in the surface layer of the dust are significantly higher than those in the subsurface layer (with the exception of organic sulfide). This difference indicates that the surface SO_x has been captured and then chemically converted by the atmospheric dust particulate before its deposition with snow, which is obviously different from those inner layer sulfates and sulfites contained by dust itself. In addition, it has been determined by SEM/EDAX that the dust contains relatively high concentrations of transition metal elements such as Fe and Ti oxides which could function as photocatalysts to the conversion of SO_x adhered on the surface of the dust, and consequently accelerate the deposition of SO_x to snow. Our research also demonstrates that the adsorptive carrying and the catalytic performance of the dust to the atmospheric SO_x are most important causes of the positive correlation between SO ₄ ²⁻ and dust concentration records in ice cores.     

General kinetic model of imperfect living polymerization (Ⅳ)——Non-steady state analysis for reaction systems with two active speciesspecies

The living ionic polymerization with two active species was theoretically studied, presenting the expressions of the number- and weight-average degrees of polymerization and the polydispersity index. The numerical calculation shows that both steady state and non-steady state approaches result in the essentially same outcomes when the exchange rate between the two active species is larger than the rates of chain propagation; however, the steady state method leads to a larger error and only the non-steady state approach is valid if the exchange rate between the two active species is comparable to or smaller than propagation rates. In addition, the molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymer becomes narrower with the value of kp approaching to kp and with increasing M0/l0.     

重金属离子对扁玉螺细胞色素氧化酶的影响研究

测定子扁玉螺肝脏中细胞色素氧化酶活力,其最适温度为４４℃,最适ＰＨ值７．０研究了Ｆｅ＾３＋,Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋三种重金属离子在离体条件下对该酶的影响,结果显示：低浓度的Ｆｅ＾３＋Ｃｕ＾２＋对其具有激活作用,高浓度的Ｆｅ＾３＋,Ｃｕ＾２＋及低浓度的Ｚｎ＾２＋对其具有显著的抑制作用。     

氢氧化锌易溶于氨水吗？

本文应用热力学耦合反应的观点对氢氧化锌与氨水的反应进行了讨论,并指出ＮＨ４＾＋离子是促进溶解反应较易进行的主要因素。     

城市森林公园不同植物群落特征对环境效应的影响

研究城市森林公园不同植物群落的生态效应及其影响因素,能够为深入研究城市绿地植被结构优化提供参考。以太原市森林公园为研究对象,选取不同类型的植物群落18个,分析不同植物群落结构对温湿度、空气颗粒物(PM_2.5、PM₁₀)和空气负离子浓度的改善作用。研究结果表明,植物群落降温量均值达到2.51～6.98℃,增湿量均值达到4.96%～39.23%,其中旱柳、旱柳+圆柏和油松+华北五针松的降温效果较好,而国槐+油松、国槐、青杨的增湿效果较好。在阻滞空气颗粒物方面,国槐、国槐+油松、青杨、青杨+华北五针松、忍冬和旱柳+圆柏等植物群落效果较差,其PM_2.5和PM₁₀含量反而高于对照;白蜡、油松+华北五针松、油松和圆柏等植物群落阻滞空气颗粒物效果较好,其中PM_2.5阻滞量为18.95～19.96,PM₁₀阻滞量为23.64～25.7。在增加空气负离子浓度方面,所有群落都有正向效应,其中山桃、青杨、忍冬效果较好,增量分别达到468.61、351.09、338.71 ion...     

以金纳米粒子为探针研究二价金属离子与脂质双层膜的相互作用

采用一步法制备了二1-联十六烷醇磷酸氢酯(DHP)脂质双层膜保护的金纳米粒子,并以此为探针用紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了二价金属离子Ca2+和Mg2+与金纳米粒子表面支撑的DHP双层膜之间的相互作用.结果表明,Ca2+和Mg2+能够促使DHP双层膜发生聚集、融合和倒塌,并且Ca2+的作用要强于Mg2+.     

城市近自然森林生态效益研究

以位于上海浦东新区种植7年的近自然森林为研究对象,测定空气负离子浓度、空气温度、空气湿度、空气微生物和土壤微生物5个指标;与浙江天童国家森林公园内的常绿阔叶林、城市常见的人工绿地类型进行对比.结果表明：近自然森林空气负离子浓度高于常见城市人工绿地类型,但远低于天童常绿阔叶林;城市绿地群落中,空气真菌、细菌和放线菌粒径分布不同,近自然森林四季空气细菌平均浓度低于对比样地,降菌作用明显;而四季空气真菌和放线菌平均浓度高于对比样地;近自然林比同期建设的浦东绿化带和建成多年的长风公园绿地在土壤微生物数量特征上更接近于自然生长的常绿阔叶林.     

利用膨润土和铝土矿制备4A分子筛的研究

以精制膨润土与铝土矿为原料,采用硫酸酸化法制备4A分子筛,其影响因素主要是:(1)酸浓;(2)液固比;(3)酸化温度;(4)酸化时间。通过正交实验对影响其制备的各个因素进行分析,得出了制备最佳工艺条件为酸浓50%,液固比3.0,酸化温度90℃,酸化时间为6 h;制备的优等4A分子筛的钙离子交换容量为311 mg/g,符合4A分子筛国家标准优等品要求。进一步对酸化白土进行碱处理的对照实验,得出进行碱处理是制备4A分子筛的关键。通过对4A分子筛制备的晶化时间、晶化温度实验,得出最佳的晶化时间为5h,最佳的晶化温度为90℃。对产品作X射线衍射分析,其衍射数据和标准的4A分子筛衍射数据相吻合,证明所得产品为4A分子筛。亦可以看出存在杂峰,说明制备的4A分子筛不纯,含有杂质。但所得产品主要性能指标优越,对生产廉价的4A分子筛产品具有指导意义。     

金属掺杂TiO2粉体的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了TiO2和掺杂Ag+,Zn 2+ ,Cu 2+ ,Fe 3+ 和Eu 3+ 的TiO2纳米粉体.用XRD, SEM、及EDS对它们进行了表征,通过表征说明TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿,同时也表明金属离子成功的掺杂到TiO2晶型中.通过对罗丹明B的降解,研究了光催化剂的性能,结果表明:Ag+掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体具有较高的光催化活性.     

镧系离子与2-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮和二安替比林甲烷三元配合物的合成及表征

用溶剂萃取法合成了镧系离子与β－二酮配体ＨＴＴＡ和中性配体ＤＡＭ的三元固态配合物——Ｌｎ（ＴＴＡ３）·ＤＡＭ．用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、热重及荧光光谱等方法表征了配合物