含胆甾基偶氮液晶聚合物的合成与表征

将合成的含偶氮基团的液晶单体M与含胆甾基团的手性液晶单体N接枝到含氢甲基硅油上,得到系列手性偶氮类侧链液晶聚合物PY₁~PY₆.利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振谱(¹HNMR)对其分子结构进行表征,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、偏光显微分析法(POM)、热重分析法(TG)对其介晶性能、相行为及热稳定性进行研究.结果表明,所合成的聚合物PY₁~PY₆为互变热致液晶,均呈现胆甾相的Grandjean织构.从PY₁到PY₆ 随着偶氮单体M含量的增加,t_g呈先降后升的趋势,而t_i则缓慢下降.该系列聚合物热稳定性良好,5%热失重温度在290℃以上,液晶区间在162~189℃之间.     

质子交换膜燃料电池的三维数值模拟

对一种质子交换膜燃料电池进行了整个单电池的三维数值模拟.计算中采用单相等温模型,数值求解用整场离散、整场求解的方法,同时采用已知电流通过Butler-Volmer方程修正过电位获得电池电压的方法模拟电化学动力学过程.数值结果与实验值的对比表明,所采用的单电池计算模型在大部分工况下获得的输出电压与实验值偏差均可控制在10%～20%以内.计算并分析了单电池局部电流密度分布,同时将单电池模型与典型单元模型的计算结果进行了对比,发现两者在电流密度、质量组分的分布上均存在明显的差异,其原因主要在于典型单元边界条件设置所致.该工作将有助于对质子交换膜燃料电池的流动、传质与电化学过程进行进一步的数值研究.     

聚合物质薄膜透光性研究

利用在给定一系列边界条件下的稳定,非稳定散射研究聚合物薄膜透光性与物质的结构、相态、光子运动等物理性能的关系,为工农业和先进技术合理选用聚合物质薄膜,提供了重要的理论和应用价值.     

新型聚二茂铁基席夫碱及其盐的合成与性能

以二茂铁甲醛和对苯二胺为原料在中性条件下合成了小分子二茂铁基席夫碱,利用Friedel—Crafts反应合成了新型导电聚二茂铁基席夫碱,然后用二价金属盐（ZnCl2、CoCl2、SnCl2）对其进行了掺杂,得到了导电聚合物配体,用IR、^1H NMR对产物结构进行了表征,并测试了产物的电导率和磁性能．实验结果表明：未掺杂前本征态电导率在10^-8～10^-9 S·cm^-1范围内,经金属盐掺杂后,电导率可提高4～5个数量级,暗示了它们可用作有机半导体材料;同时钴金属配合物的磁性测试发现其具有S型特征磁滞回线,其磁饱和强度为0．612emu／g,剩余磁场强度为0．0257emu／g,矫顽力为130 Oe,表明聚合席夫碱的钻配合物是一种有机软铁磁体．     

PSt／PBA／PMMA三元互穿绿色涂料的研制

采用种子乳液聚合技术制备了PSt／PBA／PMMA（聚苯乙鬻彭聚丙烯酸酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）乳胶型互穿网络聚合物涂料。当单体配比St：BA：MMA=4：3：2,交联荆用量为单体总量的1.5％,引发剂用量为1.2％时,涂料综合性能优良。     

酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸松油酯

制备了7种酸功能化离子液体,分别将其与氯乙酸组成复合催化体系用于催化α-蒎烯一步合成乙酸松油酯,筛选出一种催化效果较佳的离子液体[HS03-pmim]H2PO4,并用FT-IR、^1HNMR和^13CNMR对其进行了表征。考察影响反应的主要因素,确定了较佳的反应条件：n（α-蒎烯）：n（[HSO3-pmim]H2P04）：n（氯乙酸）：n（乙酸）=5：0．9：5：14,反应温度40℃,反应时间10h。在此条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为85．6％,乙酸松油酯质量分数为36．0％。该催化体系可重复使用,重复使用5次时,α-蒎烯转化率为83．5％,乙酸松油酯质量分数仍达33．7％。     

Preparation and characterization of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polystyrene <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> atom-transfer radical polymerization

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polystyrene （3DOM PS） with pore size of 350 nm was fab- ricated using Cp2Co/Ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate （EBiB） catalytic system by ATRP. The resulting polymers were detected by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, SEM, and GPC. The microstructure of 3DOM PS was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. SEM micrographs show that both silica spheres within the templates and pores in the 3DOM polystyrene are arranged in highly ordered fashion, and the shrinkage of the pores in the 3DOM PS is 24%. GPC curves show that the 3DOM PS possesses slightly lower Mn and narrow MWD compared with bulk one. This result indicats that living polymerization is different from non-living polymerizationin in the confined space.     

Lithium secondary batteries using an asymmetric sulfonium-based room temperature ionic liquid as a potential electrolyte

A new asymmetric sulfonium-based ionic liquid, 1-butyldimethylsulfonium bis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl） imide （S114TFSI）, was developed as electrolyte material for lithium secondary battery. Its cathodic potential was a little more positive against the Li/Li＋, so vinylene carbonate （VC） was added into the LiTFSI/S114TFSI ionic liquid electrolyte to ensure the formation of a solid electrolyte interface （SEI）, which effectively prevented the decomposition of the electrolyte. The properties of the Li/LiMn2O4 cell containing S114TFSI-based electrolyte were studied and the cycle performances were compared to those with a conventional organic electrolyte （1 mol/L LiPF6/DMC：EC=1：1（w/w）） at room temperature. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were conducted to analyze the mechanisms affecting the cell performances at different temperatures. The lithium secondary bat- tery system, using the above ionic liquid electrolyte material, shows good cycle performances and good safety at room temperature, and is worthwhile to further investigate so as to find out the potential application.     

离子液体[bmim]PTSA催化合成乙酸丁酯的研究

以离子液体[bmim]PTSA作为酯化反应的溶剂及催化剂合成乙酸丁酯,研究了影响反应的各种因素。结果表明,离子液体[bmim]PTSA是该酯化反应的良好溶剂和催化剂,最佳反应条件为:离子液体用量15 mL,醇酸摩尔比1.5:1.0,反应时间2.0 h,酯化率92.2%。离子液体易分离回收,可重复使用。     

Structure Analysis of Polyacrylonitrile Polymerized in Ionic Liquids

Polyacrylonitriles （PANs） ware synthesized both by atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） anti free radical polymerization in ionic liquid 1 - buty - 3 - methylimidazolium chloride （[bmim]Cl）. [bmim]Cl demonstrates to be a preferable solvent for ATRP of acrylonitrile （AN）. The polymerization maintains the usual advantages of ATRP with molecular weight agrees well with theoretical value and low polydispersity （PDI = 1.15）. It is also shown the higher conversion and lower molecular weight dispersion in ionic liquid than in dimethylformamide （DMF）. From FTIR and NMR analysis, it is confirmed that the chemical structures of PANs synthesized in [bmim]Cl were identical with that obtained in DMF. In atom transfer radical polymerization, the methine and cyan carbon atoms in isotactic configuration for PAN produced in [bmim] Cl have a configuration consisting of about 55.5% isotactic diads. It is higher than that obtained in DMF which is 52.2%. So, ionic liquid has effect on the stereostructure of PANs. Further analysis of ^13C NMR spectra indicated that the isotacticity of PAN synthesized by free radical polymerization was lower than that of PAN prepared by ATRP, although both of them were random in stereoregularity. Besides the pentad tacticities of PANs also suggested that the sequence distributions of them all obey Bernoulli statistics.